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Скачати одним файлом. Книга: Англійська для економістів - Гаращенко
28 Unemployment
Two measures are used to determine the success people have in finding employment, or work. The first is unemployment rate. The second is the employment rate.
The most popular measure of unemployment is the unemployment rate, which is determined by dividing the number of unemployed persons by the total number of persons in the civilian labour force.
As a statistical measure, the unemployment rate does have some limitations. For one, it does not count those people who have looked for work so long that they have become discouraged and have stopped looking. During recessions, many people become so frustrated that they simply «drop out» of the labour force. A person who does not have a job is not classified as «unemployed» if he or she did not make an effort to find a job within the past four weeks.
Another limitation is that the unemployment rate counts persons as fully employed even though they hold part-time jobs.
The employment rate is a measure of the people actually working as opposed to the number willing available to work.
To determine the employment rate the number of employed persons is divided by the total population less those people in the armed forces in such institutions as hospitals and prisons, and under the age of 16.
One advantage of this measure is that it is relatively easy to compile. Another advantage is that it includes those people who tried to find a job became discouraged, and have stopped looking for the time being. If enough people stop looking for work because they are discouraged, unemployment rate goes down. The employment rate is not affected, however, because these unemployed people already are counted as part of the population available for work.
Vocabularyunemployment – безробіття
unemployment rate – рівень безробіття
employment rate – рівень зайнятості
limitations – обмеження
to look for – шукати
to become discouraged – занепадати духом
recession – спад зайнятості
to become frustrated – втратити сподівання
to make an effort – витрачати зусилля
part-time job – тимчасова робота
to compile – укладати
І. Match each term in Column A with its definition in Column B:
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Column A |
Column B |
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1. Unemployment
2. Unemployment rate
3. Labour force
4. Recession
5. Employment rate
6. Employed
7. Unemployed |
a. The bottom of the business cycle; a period of Law business activity and high unemployment. b. Measure of the people actually working as opposed to the number willing and available to work. c. Indicator of economic activity that compares the number of people in the labour force to the number looking for work; percentage of the labour force unable to find jobs. d. Measure of the number of people registered as looking for work but without a job. e. The number of people working or looking for work. f. People without jobs who are looking for work. g. People who perform any paid work, as well as those who have jobs but are absent from work because of illness, strikes or vacations. |
II. Answer these questions, basing your answers on the text:
1. . What does the concept of unemployment relate to?
2. What measures are used to determine the success people have in finding work?
3. How is the unemployment rate determined?
4. What limitations does the unemployment rate have as a statistical measure?
5. Why do people «drop out» of the labour force?
6. Can a person without a job be classified as «unemployed»?
7. What persons are counted as fully employed?
8. How do we determine the employment rate?
9. What are the advantages of the employment rate as a statistical measure?
10. What happens to the rate of employment and unemployment if enough people stop looking for work?
III. Say whether these statements are true or false and if they are false, say why.1. Unemployment is the state being out of work.
2. Three measures are used to determine the success people have in finding work.
3. The most popular measure of unemployment is the unemployment rate.
4. The unemployment rate has some limitations.
5. A person who does not have job is classified as "unemployed".
6. The employment rate is a measure of the people actually working as opposed to the number willing available to work.
7. There are two advantages of this measure.
8. The unemployment rate goes up if enough people stop looking for work.
Книга: Англійська для економістів - Гаращенко
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