�� / ��

Nouns

EXERCISE I.

Here you have some exceptions, which have the ending -s, not the -es: video, photo, piano, cuckoo, solo, zoo, radio, soprano, studio, auto, kilo, memo, disco and tattoo.

Give the plural of the following nouns:

glass; piano; hero; cuckoo; brush; bush; cargo; photo; echo; box; solo; fox; tomato; bench; potato; lunch; schoolgirl; son-in-law.

EXERCISE II.

Make the nouns in brackets in plural:

1. They bought two (video), five (piano) and ten (radio) for their casino.

2. At last he found three new (soprano) for his theatre.

3. He is the owner of two big (studio).

4. Andy is fond of (tattoo).

5. He took a lot of (photo) last week.

6. The Browns bought ten (kilo) of cherries to make our famous jam.

7. For this case we have (memo) in our office.

8. Tom is famous for organizing different (disco).

9. Only in the (zoo) you can see such a great variety of wild animals.

10. Their children are fond of antique (auto) and their collection is the best.

EXERCISE III.

Give the singular of the following nouns:

heroes; valleys; bushes; leaves; binoculars; women; pianos; scis-sors; trousers; mathematics; news; jeans; children; hens; boxes; lions; photos; spies; weeks; plums; cherries; spectacles, zoos, physics, dis-cos, beaches, memos, lies, pies, tattoos, kilos.

EXERCISE IV.

These nouns are always used only in SINGULAR: furniture, money, food, news, advice, knowledge, fruit, twilight, information, chalk, prog�ress, measles, politics, courage, cloth, economics, athletics, physics, gymnastics, hair, rice, margin, macaroni. These nouns are always used only in PLURAL: belongings, goods, grapes, trousers, police, jeans, scales, tweezers, mass media, oats, remains, reins (��), scissors, wages, contents, pyjamas, tongs, people, tights, spectacles, breeches, pants, pliers, outskirts (� ��), suburbs (�� ), arms, pro-ceeds, glasses, binoculars, manners, earnings, brains, stairs (� ��), steps (��), troops, savings, thanks, riches.

Note! Some nouns have the same form in singular and plural: fish, sheep, deer, means, trout, salmon, species, series, headquarters. When we speak about different kinds of fish and fruit we use these nouns in plural. For example: There were different kinds of fishes in the aquarium.

Choose the correct verb:

1. These grapes (is, are) sweet.

2. Ann�s jeans (is, are) new.

3. The information (is, are) interesting.

4. His knowledge of English (is, are) bad.

5. These trousers (is, are) too old.

6. The furniture (is, are) very nice.

7. The tights (is, are) green and new.

8. The scissors (is, are) very sharp.

9. The chalk (is, are) of bad quality.

10. Her hair (is, are) blond and long.

EXERCISE V.

Give the plural of the following nouns if they have it:

weather; cat; chalk; house; child; mouse; cucumber; knife; boot; furniture; sheep; plum; deer; room; country; information; advice; salmon; news, trout.

EXERCISE VI.

Give the singular of the following nouns if they have it:

armchairs; gymnastics; clothes; spectacles; photos; shorts; cows; schools; pyjamas; enemies; keys; kisses; wives; loaves; oxen; men; teeth; grapes; girls; series; riches; people, persons, athletics, news.

EXERCISE VII.

Give the plural to the following nouns:

fly; donkey; key; day; city; monkey; toy; lady; play; army; boy; spy; cry; pity,sky, dragonfly, butterfly.

EXERCISE VIII.

Here you see that � f changes into � ves in plural: thief � thieves, knife � knives, life � lives, wife � wives, wolf � wolves, half � halves, leaf � leaves, calf � calves, loaf � loaves. BUT these nouns end in � s: belief, roof, proof, muff, cliff, chief, kerchief, cuff, safe, grief.

Give the plural to the following nouns:

roof; kerchief; wife; muff; knife; chief; life; leaf; proof; thief; calf; half; shelf; wolf; loaf.

EXERCISE IX.

Make the nouns in brackets plural:

1. The (knife) get rusty when you put them into the water for a long time.

2. The (muff) of their new coats are rather lovely.

3. The (roof) of the houses look neat and nice.

4. In autumn all the (leaf) fall down.

5. He bought ten (kilo) of plums for his famous jam.

6. They invited two (soprano) to our Opera House.

7. Young artists want to have their own (studio).

8. (Zoo) are popular all over the world.

9. Tom�s body is all covered with (tattoo).

10. We prepared new (memo) for our office.

11. Jack bought three new (piano) for his casino.

12. There are ten (radio) in the box.

13. Larry showed us a lot of (photo).

14. They said they needed two new (video) for their cinema theatre.

15. Look, there are five (cuckoo) in this cage.

EXERCISE X.

Here you see some collective nouns: sheep and birds � flock, dogs and wolves � pack, sportsmen and other players � team, people in the church � congregation, a lot of books � library, soldiers �

a company (a regiment, an army), flowers or keys � bunch, in-sects � swarm, men, who work on a boat or a ship � crew, cattle (cows, bulls, antilopes) � herd, a lot of people in the street � crowd, battleships � fleet or navy, people, watching or listening to smth. � an audience, rulers of the country � government, people, chosen to direct some work � committee, teachers, doctors and officials � staff, sticks and dirty laundry � bundle, relations between people � family, people of the same origin � race, nations under one ruler � empire, fish � shoal, criminals � gang.

Give a collective noun for each of the following:

1) a large number of insects;

2) people who are the members of one church;

3) a number of cows, bulls or elephants;

4) a number of birds;

5) a number of sheep;

6) people playing football as one body;

7) a number of flowers or keys;

8) a number of sticks;

9) a lot of dirty laundry;

10) a number of battleships;

11) people work on board the ship;

12) people who work together at school;

13) a number of books;

14) a number of bees;

15) a number of spectators;

16) a number of soldiers;

17) a lot of wolves;

18) a lot of fish.

EXERCISE XI.

Here you see some more collective nouns: herd � elephants, cows or bulls; school � sharks; town � prairie dogs; covey � quails (��); gaggle � geese; raft � ducks; mob � kangaroos; harem � seals; pride � lions; pod � whales; knot � toads; litter � foxes; colony � termites; troop � baboons; fish � run.

Translate the expressions in the gaps into English:

1. Looking out of the window of our car we saw a (��) of ele-phants standing peacefully near the road. 2. A (��) of seals was sleeping on the rocks. 3. Soon a big (��) of sharks gathered near the sunken ship. 4. A (��) of prairie dogs was following the antelope. 5. We saw five lion cubs born in the (�� 쒿). 6. The scientists had been researching the life of the (�� ) for a year. 7. The tourists who trained diving saw a bright (��) of fish near a big rock. 8. (��) of wild geese was flying high up in the sky. 9. A (ѳ��) of baboons was usually sitting on a big branch of a huge tree. 10. A (�� ) was eating ducks when we saw them.

EXERCISE XII.

Form the abstract nouns from the following words:

choose, angry; courageous; hopeful; excited; helpful; hungry; kind; noisy; quiet; sleepy; weak; young; terrified; ready; comfortable; happy; easy; true; various; present; anxious; glad; hot; wonderful; wide; long; deep; high; absent; clean; clever; cold; dark; dead; friendly; good; hard; lonely; beautiful; fright; careful; strong; broad; healthy; wealthy; white; ugly; coward; brave; cruel; mean; generous; describe; enjoy; live; believe; oppose; lend.

EXERCISE XIII.

Here you have some nouns in the feminine and masculine gender: poet � poetess, host � hostess, actor � actress, waiter � waitress, lion � lioness, prince � princess, tiger � tigress, widower � widow, king � queen, sir � madam, earl � countess, steward � stewardess, father-in-law � mother-in-law, stallion (female horse) � mare, bull � cow, cock � hen, uncle � aunt, bridegroom � bride, duke � duchess, nephew � niece, drake � duck, gander � goose, hero � heroine, landlord � landlady, policeman � policewoman, ram � ewe (female sheep), monk � nun, god � goddess, heir � heiress, boar � sow (female pig), bachelor � spinster.

Give the feminine of the following nouns:

tiger; prince; lion; earl; man; bull; drake; landlord; gander; wid-ower; duke, heir, boar, hero, god, monk, bachelor, ram, host, king, waiter, nephew, stallion.

EXERCISE XIV.

Give the masculine of the following nouns:

waitress; queen; mother-in-law; bride; hostess; stewardess; sister; niece; mare; hen; girl; heroine; aunt; daughter, spinster, heiress, ewe, goddess, nun, sow.

EXERCISE XV.

Replace the phrase by the Possessive case where possible:

1) the father of Bob;

2) the book of my brother;

3) the cat of the girls;

4) the child of her sister;

5) the order of the colonel;

6) the room of my mother;

7) the garden of my family;

8) the trousers of the boys;

9) the cage of the bird;

10) the hamster of Ann;

11) the pets of the children;

12) the sister of my aunt;

13) the money of my brother;

14) the cat of my great grandmother.

EXERCISE XVI.

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. ³� �� .

2. �� ? � �� .

3. �� .

4. �� . �� ?

5. �� ? �� .

6. �� .

7. �� .

8. �� .

9. �� .

10. �� .

11. �� .

12. �� .

13. г� �� .

14. �� 璿�� .

15. �� .

16. �� .

17. �� .

18. �� .

19. �� .

20. �� .

21. �� .

22. �� . �� .

23. �� .

24. �� .

25. �� , �� .

26. �� .

27. ֳ �� , � �� (balloons) � ��.

28. �� , �� .

29. �� , � �� .

30. �� , �� .

EXERCISE XVII.

Correct the mistakes if there are any in the use of the verbs:

1. The USA are a very powerful country.

2. The Chinese has a very ancient history.

3. One of the countries I saw last year was India.

4. The scissors is too sharp.

5. All the milk were sour.

6. The furniture were new.

7. The police is in the yard of our house.

8. The news have got much worse.

9. Mathematics were the most boring subject for me.

10. Each boy of the class have his own pen.

EXERCISE XVIII.

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. ˳�� . �� .

2. �� ? �� .

3. �� .

4. �� .

5. �� . � �� .

6. �� , �� .

7. �� .

8. �� ? �� .

9. �� .

10. �� .

11. �� 쳿.

12. �� . �� .

13. �� .

14. � �� . �� , �� .

15. �� , � �� .

16. �� .

17. �� .

18. �� ?

19. �� ?

20. ֳ�� . �� ?

EXERCISE XIX.

Put the verb to be into the correct form:

1. Most of the students � present.

2. The news � very important.

3. One of the girls � very pretty.

4. Some of the people � happy to meet her.

5. A lot of chairs � broken.

6. Half of the students � from India.

7. A number of pupils � absent today.

8. The number of students at that University � about 10000.

9. Some of the apples � red.

10. A lot of documents � lost.

11. The boy�s trousers � torn.

12. His clothes � made by a good tailor.

13. That furniture � very dear to me.

14. The advice that he gave me � good.

15. My scissors � not very sharp.

16. All the fish in the pond � gold and red.

EXERCISE XX.

Change the following sentences from singular to plural:

1. The cat caught the mouse.

2. The leaf fell from the tree.

3. The man and woman went to the cinema.

4. The child saw a sheep in the field.

5. The foot of the deer crushed the flower.

6. This sheep has white wool, that sheep has black wool.

7. The bookcase is made of oak.

8. The army went into battle.

9. I have invited my sister-in-law for dinner.

10. I dropped a penny in the beggar�s hat.

EXERCISE XXI.

These nouns are always used in plural: peas, raisins, beans, apri-cots, grapes, cherries and prunes. When we speak about the vegetales or fruit in general, we use these nouns in plural, FOR EXAMPLE: Tomatoes are very good this year. When we speak about these nouns as used in the soups or salads we use them in singular, FOR EXAM-PLE: There is too much onion in this salad.

Fill in is or are in these sentences:

1. There (is, are) many prunes in this salad.

2. There (is, are) too many grapes in the vase.

3. There (is, are) a lot of cherries in this pie.

4. There (is, are) too much apple in the cake.

5. There (is, are) too few peas in the soup.

6. There (is, are) few raisins in the ice-cream.

7. There (is, are) too much onion in this stew.

8. There (is, are) too many grapes in the bowl.

9. There (is, are) too few raisins in the cake.

10. There (is, are) too much carrot in the soup.

11. There (is, are). too many prunes in this pie.

12. There (is, are) too few beans in the borsch.

13. There (is, are) few prunes in my cakes.

14. There (is, are) too much cabbage in this salad.

15. There (is, are) few apricots in the ice-cream.

EXERCISE XXII.

As a modifier the noun is always used in the singular: a two day trip, a three hour exam, a two year old child, vegetable salad, a nine room flat, cat food, a guest room, a twenty dollar bill, a three day hik-ing and a student book.

Use these modifiers in the following sentences:

1. It was a � exam and it was rather difficult.

2. Here you have � bill and you can spend it as you like.

3. We are going to buy � room flat.

4. They always buy � food and their cats look so bushy.

5. This is our � room. Our guests like to stay here.

6. This � hiking was really wonderful.

7. I don�t like this � salad. Maybe because of leek.

8. They have a � old son. He looks rather smart.

9. We shall have. .. trip to Paris. We are looking forward to it.

10. I think he is lucky. He has found � bill today.

11. She looks very slim. Her diet consists of � salads.

12. Our � room was renovated. Do you like these wall papers?

13. It was a � book for the first year students.

14. Most of all he likes a � salad.

15. They feed their dog with the � food.

EXERCISE XXIII.

Notice that the Netherlands, the USA, the United Kingdom take the verb is not are. Also five hours of walk is, twenty dollars is, two hundred miles is.

The name of language is used in singular. Chinese is, but the peo-ple will be always in plural � the Japanese are. A few adjectives preceded by the definite article the are used as plural nouns: the poor, the rich, the old, the living, the dead, the blind, the deaf, the disabled (handicapped).

Insert the correct verb:

1. The Netherlands (is, are) a very rich country.

2. The French (is, are) friendly people.

3. Four hours of sleep (is, are) enough for him. He is a workaholic.

4. Japanese (is, are) a very difficult language.

5. One thousand dollars (is, are) too much to pay.

6. The old (is, are) always obstinate.

7. The young (is, are) supposed to be inexperienced.

8. Two hundred miles (is, are) too tiring for hiking.

9. The living (is, are) careless for the nature.

10. The disabled (is, are) well protected abroad.

11. Russian (is, are) my mother tongue.

12. The Vietnamese (is, are) very hardworking people

13. The blind always (use, uses) the guide dogs.

14. The rich usually (give, gives) money for charity.

15. Five hours of walk (is, are) rather tiring.

EXERCISE XXIV.

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. �� .

2. �� .

3. �� .

4. �� . ֳ �� .

5. � �� .

6. �� . � �� .

7. �� . � �� , �� .

8. �� .

9. �� .

10. � �� .

11. �� ? � ��.

12. �� , � �� .

13. �� .

14. Գ�� , �� ? � ͳ, ��.

15. �� .

16. �� .

17. �� .

18. �� .

19. �ᒺ�� .

20. �� .

EXERCISE XXV.

Here you see some borrowed forms of nouns: phenomenon � phenomena, medium � media, datum � data, bacterium � bacteria, symposium � symposia, analysis � analyses, crisis � crises, axis � axes, thesis � theses, formula � formulae, cactus � cacti.

Fill in the correct form in the gaps below:

1. Hail, thunder, lighting and rain are natural (phenomenon, phe-nomena).

2. The Hague is the city where a lot of (symposium, symposia) are held.

3. He published all the (analysis, analyses) of his scientific re-search.

4. At this factory they produce special (bacterium, bacteria) for producing pills.

5. Barbara has a large collection of (cactus, cacti).

6. The (data, datum) in the scientific research are very important.

7. This chemist left a lot of papers with hundreds of (formula, for-mulae).

8. The Earth moves round its (axis, axes).

9. It was one of the biggest (crisis, crises) in the world.

10. The rules for representing (thesis, theses) change every two years.

EXERCISE XXVI.

Put in the missing words from the box:

Back, dog food, cat food, vegetable salad, like, hundred year old, guest room, old fashioned, the house windows, house door, twenty five year old, sheep farmers, red brick, have moved, three day

The Smiths (1) � here this month. They bought a large (2) � house just opposite our garden. Mr. Smith is one of the richest (3) � in our area. He himself and his (4) � son manage this huge farm. The house looks lovely, especially the ancient (5) � made of bronze. (6) � are rather big and made of stained glass. This (7) � house is a Vic-torian building, which looks rather respectful. Their (8) � is espe-cially nice and comfortable. There you can see a (9) � piano, stand-ing in the corner. The Smiths (10) � healthy food. All of them are fond of (11) � Very often they go to a (12) � hiking. Their cats and dogs stay at home having their (13) � and (14) � They are very happy when their masters come (15) � home.

EXERCISE XXVII.

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. �� , �� ?

2. �� .

3. �� , �� .

4. ֳ �� , � �� .

5. �� , � �� .

6. �� , � �� .

7. �� , � �� .

8. �� ? �� .

9. �� .

10. �� , � �� .

11. �� .

12. �� , �� .

13. ĳ�� .

14. � �� , � �� .

15. �� , � �� .

16. �� .

17. �� , � �� .

18. �� .

19. �� .

20. �� -��.

21. �� .

22. �� .

23. � �� .

24. �� . � �� .

25. �� .

26. �� .

27. �� .

28. �� .

29. �� .

30. �� -�� (guide dog).

31. �� , �� .

32. �� .

33. ֳ �� .

34. ֳ �� , � �� .

NOUNS

TEST I

TASK 1.

Rewrite the nouns, which can be used in plural:

1) bread; 4) tree; 7) advice; 10) news;

2) book; 5) calf; 8) carrot; 11) toast;

3) meat; 6) story; 9) tomato; 12) money.

TASK 2.

Rewrite these nouns in plural:

1) life; 5) knife; 9) half; 13) loaf;

2) proof; 6) roof; 10) cuff; 14) grief;

3) wife; 7) wolf; 11) leaf; 15) thief;

4) chief; 8) cliff; 12) safe; 16) belief.

TASK 3.

Translate the followins nouns into English:

1) ��; 5) ��; 9) ��; 13) ��;

2) ��; 6) ��; 10) ��; 14) ��;

3) ��; 7) ��; 11) ��; 15) ��䳿;

4) ��; 8) ��; 12) ��; 16) ��.

TASK 4.

Put the verbs into the correct form:

1. He is always told to be very clever. His knowledge of computers (be) the best.

2. They say the contents of his new physics book (be) very in-teresting.

3. The mass media always (write) about him a lot.

4. His wages (be) rather high.

5. Billiards (be) his hobby.

6. Her favourite colour (be) blue. And her jeans (be) blue. Even her pyjamas (be) blue.

7. Our favourite food (be) macaroni.

8. His advice (be) always useful.

9. The information about her life (be) very interesting.

TASK 5.

Give the definitions of the following expressions:

1) a lot of dogs or wolves;

2) a lot of sheep or birds;

3) a lot of players who play one game;

4) people in the church;

5) a collection of private or public books;

6) a lot of flowers or some keys;

7) a lot of insects;

8) teachers, doctors or officials who work together;

9) a lot of cattle or any animals who have horns;

10) people who work on a boat, ship or steamer;

11) a lot of soldiers;

12) people who visit concerts or theatres;

13) people who are chosen to rule the country;

14) people of the same origin.

TASK 6.

Give the feminine of the following nouns:

1) bull; 5) gander; 9) tiger; 13) horse;

2) drake; 6) poet; 10) actor; 14) king;

3) cock; 7) lion; 11) steward; 15) widower;

4) hero; 8) host; 12) prince; 16) earl.

TASK 7.

Give the masculine to the following nouns:

1) duchess; 5) waitress; 9) hen; 13) cow;

2) niece; 6) landlady; 10) aunt; 14) princess;

3) mare; 7) duck; 11) policewoman; 15) poetess;

4) madam; 8) widow; 12) mother-in-law; 16) lioness.

TASK 8.

Supply the missing words:

1. This furniture � new and very nice.

2. The goods � been delivered in time.

3. � your clothes expensive?

4. If your jeans � dirty put � into the washing machine.

5. The fruit � rotten in hot weather.

6. The new steps � very steep.

7. The twilight always � me.

8. Her tights. .. too bright.

9. This cloth. ... smooth and soft.

10. There � a lot of trout here.

TASK 9.

Fill in the singular or plural forms of the verb to be:

1. Mathematics � taught at our university.

2. Why � your clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?

3. The remains of the meal � thrown to the dog.

4. Light athletics � a sport that develops the whole body.

5. Phonetics � very important when you start learning English.

6. Oats � grown in this field.

7. The news � very unusual.

8. The grounds � well laid out.

9. Where � my glasses?

10. Billiards � a very interesting game.

TASK 10.

Put in the missing words from the box:

Brick building, twenty room, is, are, have, river bank, hall door, house windows, is, spring flowers, garden gate, sheep farmer, five year old

Tom told he had bought a new (1) � house. It is on the (2) � near the forest. The most beautiful is the (3) � which is made of oak.

The house itself is a red (4) � The (5) � are in Victorian style with stained glass. The house looks nice especially in spring because there are a lot of (6) � on the beds. The garden is lovely with a very large (7) � Tom wants to buy a farm and some sheep and become a (8) � His family (9) � not large. His (10) � son is just in infant school. Tom hopes he will inherit his estate. He himself is very industrious. The Chinese (11) � always very industrious and hardworking. Tom wants his son to be rich. The poor (12) � a lot of problems. And the USA (13) � a country of great opportunities for industrious people.

TASK 11.

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. �� . � �� .

2. �� . � �� .

3. �� .

4. ³� �� . �� , �� .

5. �� , �� N �� .

6. � �� , � � �� ᳬ�� .

7. ֳ �� .

8. �� , � � ��, �� .

9. � �� . ³� �� .

10. �� .

11. � �� .

12. �� .

13. �� .

14. �� .

15. �� . ³�� .

16. �� .

17. �� 䳿.

18. �� .

19. �� . �� .

20. �� .

21. � �� .

22. �� .

23. ճ�� , �� ?

24. �� , �� .

25. �� .

26. �� .

27. �� .

28. �� .

29. � ��, �� .

30. ͳ�� .

31. �� , � �� .

32. �� .

33. �� .

34. �� ˳�� .

35. �� , � �� .

NOUNS

TEST I�

TASK 1.

Tick the words, which can be used in plural:

1) sugar; 4) zoo; 7) studio; 10) rose;

2) pen; 5) cat; 8) advice; 11) tea;

3) water; 6) roof; 9) bush; 12) room.

TASK 2.

Rewrite these nouns in plural:

1) wolf; 5) wife; 9) loaf; 13) thief;

2) grief; 6) roof; 10) cliff; 14) proof;

3) life; 7) knife; 11) half; 15) leaf;

4) chief; 8) cuff; 12) muff; 16) kerchief.

TASK 3.

Translate into English:

1) ��; 5) ��; 9) ��; 13) ��;

2) ��; 6) ��; 10) ��; 14) ��;

3) ��; 7) ��; 11) ��䳿; 15) ��;

4) ��; 8) ��; 12) ��; 16) ��.

TASK 4.

Put the verb into the correct form:

Sheila is a famous film star. Mass media always (to write) about her. Her sixty room house (to be) very luxurious. Her clothes (to be) always very fashionable. Even her jeans (to cost) one thousand dol-lars. Her wages (to be) rather high and she doesn�t like to pay taxes. She likes low fat food which (to be) very healthy. She says that there (to be) a lot calories in grapes. She doesn�t eat (it, them). She always follows her doctor�s advice which (to be) very useful for her.

TASK 5.

Give the definition of the following expressions:

1) when the nation is under one ruler;

2) many sticks joined together;

3) close relations of people who are one flesh and blood;

4) people who visit concerts, theatres;

5) a lot of sheep or birds;

6) a lot of animals which have horns;

7) people of the same origin;

8) a lot of dogs;

9) people who are chosen to direct some;

10) a lot of soldiers;

11) doctors or teachers who work together;

12) people in the church;

13) sportsmen or players.

TASK 6.

Give the feminine to the following nouns:

1) duke; 5) waiter; 9) drake; 13) host;

2) nephew; 6) bridegroom; 10) steward; 14) poet;

3) horse; 7) cock; 11) widow; 15) actor;

4) sir; 8) bull; 12) tiger; 16) prince.

TASK 7.

Give the masculine to the following nouns:

1) countess; 5) lioness; 9) goddess 13) hen;

2) aunt; 6) waitress; 10) lady; 14) poetess;

3) mother in law; 7) princess; 11) ewe 15) spinster

4) queen; 8) niece; 12) widow; 16) duck.

TASK 8.

Supply the missing words:

1. The luggage � brought at once.

2. � much information about it?

3. There � a lot of food in the fridge.

4. The wages � increased for two years.

5. The tights � very bright and fashionable.

6. Do you see � new scales? Where � they?

7. The stairs � very steep and the old lady got tired.

8. The police � already here. Do you see � in the yard?

9. His jeans � from a famous designer.

10. My pajamas � very soft and comfortable.

TASK 9.

Fill in the singular or plural forms of the verb to be:

1. Where � your new tights?

2. Here � your binoculars. Take �

3. Phonetics � my favourite subject.

4. Why � your trousers so dirty?

5. The twilight � very beautiful.

6. Where � my pyjamas? I have put it on the chair.

7. Look here. The fruit � ripe.

8. Usually his advice � very useful.

9. The police � already here.

10. The margin � too wide.

TASK 10.

Put in missing words from the box:

Three room, the English, twenty room, hall, is, spring flowers, two year old, five year old, children, the rich, is, want

Ann got married Paul and they sold their (1) � flat and bought a new (2) � house. It (3) � situated in a very lovely place. The most beautiful in it is a (4) � with ancient stained glass. The house is a lovely Victorian (5) � The lake which is not far from the house (6) � nice. The banks of the lake are rather green covered with (7) � in spring. Tom and Ann have two lovely kids now. Their (8) � daughter has just started to walk and (9) � son visits a local infant school. Tom and Ann dream about Eton for their (10) � It is one of the most pres-tigious places for (11) � Tom and Ann think that (12) � can allow good education. Their parents wanted to take the grandchildren to the USA as the USA (13) � the country of great opportunities but Tom and Ann refused. As the real English they (14) � to bring up their children in England.

TASK 11.

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. �� . � �� . 2. �� . 3. ³� �� . 4. � �� . 5. ³� �� . 6. �� . 7. �� ?

8. �� . 9. �� . 10. �� . �� . 11. �� . 12. �� 䳿. 13. г� �� . 14. �� . 15. �� . 16. �� . 17. �� . 18. �� -�� . 19. ֳ �� .

20. �� . 21. �� . 22. �� 䳿 �� . 23. � �� . 24. �� , �� . 25. �� N �� . 26. �� .

27. �� . 28. �� . 29. �� . 30. �� . 31. �� , � � �� . 32. �� . 33. �� . 34. �� . 35. �� , � �� .

Articles

EXERCISE I.

We use the article a before a consonant sound and we use the arti-cle an before a vowel sound; We use a, an only with sigular countable nouns when a) we speak about the noun for the first time, b) when we characterise the object, c) with the numerals a thousand, a hundred, a million, a dozen, d) after words what, such, rather, quite, e) with the words a lot of, a few, a bit, a little.

Fill in the indefinite articles where necessary.

1. He is � very clever boy.

2. Her father is � chemist.

3. They are � scientists.

4. You will return in � minute.

5. I won � ten million hryvnas.

6. Some � boys were there.

7. Not � word was pronounced after it.

8. Ann read � adventure novel.

9. I shall come in � hour.

10. He is � smart student.

11. Bring me some � water.

12. My � lunch was lost.

13. She is � very talented.

14. What � mess! How can you sit here?

15. His daughter is � very smart girl.

EXERCISE II.

Divide the sentences into two groups:

a) with definite articles to be used; b) indefinite articles to be used;

1. Have you seen � film I told you about?

2. Bell invented � telephone.

3. She brought � dozen of eggs.

4. Give me � apple which is � nearest to you.

5. There is � girl here. She is � girl I have known for a year.

6. He wanted to buy � detective story.

7. They bought � new telephone.

8. � elephant is � very big animal.

9. He liked to read � adventure story.

10. He failed his exam. This was � worst for him.

11. � lion is a big animal.

12. I saw � tragedy last month.

13. It is � hard walk.

14. This is � man I told you about.

15. � money he got for the book made him rich.

16. What � fine weather!

17. They say � love is blind.

18. This is � large area.

19. � weather is foggy today.

20. It is such � tasty cake.

EXERCISE III.

The definite article is used:

a) With the names in plural to indicate the whole family; b) when we mean typical features associated with well-known names; c) with the names, modified by a limiting attribute an indefinite article an is used.

Fill in definite or indefinite articles where necessary.

1. Her name is � Nora Benson.

2. He is not � Bob I married twenty years ago.

3. � Browns are a very nice family.

4. I am reading � Agatha Cristie now.

5. She felt like � Alice in Wonderland.

6. Is he � Sheldon who is a writer?

7. Mozart was called � Raphael of music.

8. It was a letter from � Susan, inviting me to visit them.

9. She is quite different from the rest of � Nortons.

10. If your ticket is lucky you�ll win � Zaporozhets.

11. There were a lot of books there and he saw � Steel.

12. � Smiths are a very cultured family.

13. He brought � very nice Picasso.

14. I saw that he was really � Brown.

15. She wasn�t � Mary he had known for these ten years.

EXERCISE IV.

You should use the definite articles with unions, provinces, some ci-

ties, oceans, seas, straits, channels, rivers, lakes, deserts, mountain chains and groups of islands, falls and mountain passes. Proper nouns are used without articles, But: the Hague � ��; the Argentina but Argentina.

Use the definite or the indefinite articles where necessary and di-vide the sentences into two groups.

1. � Brazil is situated in � Latin America.

2. � Netherlands is a very rich country.

3. � USSR was the largest country in the world in territory.

4. � Rome is the capital of Italy.

5. � Crimea is the southern part of � Ukraine.

6. � Hague is always chosen for international conferences.

7. � Asia is the largest continent in the world.

8. We crossed � Pacific and � Atlantic oceans.

9. � Ruhr is an industrial region of � Germany.

10. � Black Sea and � Mediterranean Sea are very warm.

11. � Elbrus is one of the highest mountains in the world.

12. � Cuba is a very beautiful green island.

13. � Sahara is the hottest desert.

14. I always spend holidays in � Haiti.

15. � Niagara Falls attracts a lot of tourists.

16. � Bermudas is a very mysterious place.

17. � Lake Baikal is one of the most beautiful places on our planet.

18. � California is my favourite place to visit.

19. � Balkan Peninsula is a place of different problems nowadays.

20. � Mississippi is described by Mark Twain.

EXERCISE V.

You should use the indefinite article with the names of museums, theatres, picture galleries, concert halls, cinemas, clubs and the hotels. Also with the names of ships, names of languages, institutions and po-litical parties; you should use the names of the languages without the article, unless the noun language is used: the English language, the Italian language;

Fill in the definite article where necessary.

1. � Hyde Park is supposed to be the most democratic park in the world.

2. � Bolshoi Theatre was always famous for its singers.

3. � Picadilly Circus is the meeting point of six streets.

4. � Cambridge and � Oxford Universities are the oldest in the world.

5. � British museum is one of the most famous among the others.

6. � Victoria station is one of the oldest in England.

7. It is very prestigious for every pop singer to sing in � Carnegie Hall.

8. � �Savoy� is supposed to be the most luxurious in our city.

9. The film was made about � �Titanic�.

10. English Royal family lives in � Buckingham Palace.

11. He is a member of � Liberal Party.

12. They met on � Sunday last week.

13. We always read � �Times� and � �Guardian�.

14. He was born in � January in 1964.

15. They try to learn � Japanese. � Japanese language is rather difficult to learn.

EXERCISE VI.

Fill in the articles when necessary.

1. We usually have � lunch at 1 p.m.

2. He invited her to � dinner.

3. She is going to give � dinner to entire family.

4. � lunch was excellent, especially the dessert.

5. When they came we were eating � breakfast.

6. Let�s invite them to � tea.

7. She ordered � two coffees and � three teas.

8. I was going to come to � luncheon Helen invited me to.

9. �Stay to � tea� she said.

10. They have no � supper.

EXERCISE VII.

Names of diseases are usually found without any articles. The definite aticle is used in the case of back reference or if there is a lim-iting attribute.

Fill in the articles where necessary:

1. She always has � headache.

2. They recovered after � flu.

3. He suffered from � diabetes.

4. We had some cases of � cholera in that region.

5. She has � sore throat..

6. After � pneumonia Jane was very weak.

7. I had � boil on my leg.

8. Tom has � bruise on his face.

9. Ann always has an attack of � lumbago in winter.

10. When you have � toothache just go to your dentist.

EXERCISE VIII.

We use no article with the names of the months, days and holidays. But: the September of 1975, the Saturday when it happened, the first Easter we spent together.

Fill in the articles where necessary.

1. You can see a lot of blossom in � spring.

2. We had � short summer.

3. It was � late autumn and the leaves were yellow and red.

4. It was � winter and the snow was everywhere.

5. They took her to America in � spring of 1942.

6. � summer was very fine that year and we bathed a lot.

7. I think it was � remarkably fine winter.

8. � spring was over and I missed the cherry blossom very much.

9. In � autumn our sons go to infant school.

10. We always have long holidays in � summer.

EXERCISE IX.

Translate the following sentences into English.

1. �� .

2. �� , � �� .

3. �� .

4. �� .

5. �� !

6. �� , �� ?

7. �� .

8. �� , �� ?

9. �� (mammal).

10. �� .

11. �� .

12. �� .

13. ��, �� .

14. �� , � �� .

15. �� , �� .

16. �� .

17. � �� .

18. �� .

19. ³� ��, �� .

20. �� , � �� .

21. �� ϳ�� .

22. �� .

23. �� .

24. �� ҳ�� (Tyrol).

25. �� , �� .

26. ͳ� � �� .

27. ³� �� -��.

28. �� .

29. �� ʳ�� .

30. �� .

31. �� .

32. �� .

33. �� .

34. �� , �� (strepsills).

35. �� .

36. �� , � �� .

37. �� , �� .

38. � �� .

39. �� , �� .

40. �� , � �� .

EXERCISE X.

Fill in the articles where necessary.

1. Do you speak � German?

2. What is � English for �ca�o�?

3. Do you know � French language?

4. Can you translate from � Spanish language?

5. � German of Western Germany differs from � German of Eastern Germany.

6. He found � new Russia after perestroika.

7. He is fond of � Italian language very much.

8. Jane is a student of � Harvard University.

9. Last year he entered � Trinity College.

10. We stayed at � Savoy and think it to be very nice.

11. She is a member of � Rotary Club.

12. Puhachova sang at � Carnegie Hall some years ago.

13. � Hermitage is one of the nicest museums in the world.

14. � Verhovna Rada of Ukraine is in this building.

15. � Royal Exchange in London is rather old.

EXERCISE XI.

Fill in the articles where necessary.

1. � thunder and � lighting are caused by � electricity.

2. I went for a walk after � breakfast.

3. There is � old oak tree in � front of � house.

4. Do you go to � school? Do you go to � school on � hill ?

5. Is there � train to � town where � Greens live?

6. They usually sell eggs by � dozen.

7. Dick�s family couldn�t afford to give him � education.

8. There is � very pleasant � country round our town.

9. � last time I saw you was ten years ago.

10. Have you ever seen such � terrible weather?

11. � people on the photo are my closest friends.

12. She hasn�t forgotten � promise you gave her last week.

13. � water is very clean and pure here.

14. � weather is very cold today.

15. She is � only child in the family.

16. � water consists of � oxygen and � hydrogen.

17. He doesn�t like to take � advice , even � advice of � clever people.

18. This is � front door to � house.

19. What � pity you haven�t read this book! It was � most interesting.

20. He told he had bought � dozen eggs.

21. He was chosen � member of the committee.

22. These flowers are very pretty in � spring.

23. � dinner you invited me to was wonderful.

24. � ice is heavier than � water.

EXERCISE XII.

Fill in the blanks with definite or indefinite articles.

1. He was � first who helped us then.

2. Our seats are in � second row.

3. � first � he lost the key, � second � he didn�t tell us about it.

4. If we missed the 2 oclock train we should wait for � second one.

5. She was � third in the long line.

6. The children ran to � second floor.

7. Robin ran to � second floor.

8. When we came yesterday he was out so we had to go for � second time.

9. � second page in the book is missing.

10. Soon I sent him � second letter.

11. � second lesson begins at the same time

12. � second book was more interesting than the previous one.

13. We shall give you � second cake after you finish this one.

14. � first book he read was �Winnie the Pooh�.

15. It was � second try and at last he succeeded.

EXERCISE XIII.

Fill in the gaps with the articles where necessary:

WHAT IS FUNNIER?

� farmer came to town to do some shopping. He had bought what he wanted and-was going to leave � shop, but � shop-keeper would not let him go. He said: �Look here, farmer Jones, I have � some very good bicycles to sell. They are � very cheap. I can sell you � very good bicycle for thirty-five dollars. I�m sure it will be � very useful. You can ride around your farm on it every day.�

��h, no,� said � farmer. �I don�t want � bicycle. With this money I can buy � cow. And � cow is certainly more useful on my farm than � bicycle.�

�But you can�t go to town on � cow,� said � shopkeeper �That�s funny!�

�Well, I don�t know what is funnier,� said � farmer, �to ride � cow or to milk � bicycle.�

EXERCISE XIV.

Put the articles where necessary:

� WONDERFUL ECHO

Some farmers were sitting in � village house � one evening, and among other things they began to talk about � echoes. One of � farmers said that there was � wonderful echo in one of his fields where there was � large group of trees. � others said that they would like to hear it, and � farmer invited them to come to � field next afternoon. When � farmer reached home, he sent for one of his men and told him to hide himself among � trees and to imitate everything that was said.

� next day � farmer�s friends arrived late in � afternoon, and � farmer told them to listen to � wonderful echo. Then he shouted at � top of his voice: �Are you there?� � answer came back: �Yes, I have been here for more than � two hours.�

EXERCISE XV.

Fill in the gaps with the articles where necessary:

� Britain�s climate is � mild and � damp. It often rains, and fogs are quite frequent, especially in � west and south-west. � Gulf Stream, � warm ocean current coming from � Gulf of Mexico, crosses � Atlantic Ocean and warms � seas around � British coast, moderating � climate, giving it cool summers and rnild winters. � temperature in � winter seldom falls below zero, and � fields and meadows are green all year round.

There are no big rivers in � Great Britain. � largest river is � Thames. � London, � capital of � Great Britain, is on � Thames.

London is one of � largest cities of � world. It has � population over 10 million. It is � great industrial and cultural centre.

There are several other industrial cities in � Great Britain, such as Birmingham, Glasgow, Manchester � biggest seaports outside Lon-don are Liverpool, Plymouth, Southampton and Glasgow.

As � Great Britain is surrounded by seas on all sides, it is � great sea power. � Britons are proud of their great seamen, such as Sir Francis Drake, who fought with success against � powerful Spanish fleet in � 16th century. Sir Walter Raleigh, � outstanding traveller and explorer. Captain James Cook, one of � greatest explorers of � 18th century, Captain Scott, � explorer of � Antarctic, and Admiral Lord Nelson, Britain�s national hero who destroyed � French fleet at � battle of Trafalgar in 1805. � high column built in his memory stands in � Trafalgar Square in � centre of London.

EXERCISE XVI.

Correct the mistakes if there are any:

PICTURE OF THE MUSHROOM

One day Frenchman who was travelling in the Sweden came to res-taurant. Frenchman did not know the Swedish and nobody could speak the French at a restaurant. He wanted to have a mushrooms for his the breakfast; so he called waiter and asked him to bring him some mush-rooms. But a waiter could not understand what a Frenchman wanted.

Then Frenchman took the piece of paper and the pencil and drew picture of mushroom. A waiter looked at a picture and left room at once.

Five minutes later he returned with an umbrella.

EXERCISE XVII.

Fill in the articles where necessary:

� CLEVER ANSWER

� guide was once showing � group of rich � American tourists some places of interest in � little Italian town. After a while the guide could not think of anything that might be of interest to � Americans who wanted to see and hear something unusual.

�Tell us something very interesting, something unusual about � weather or � climate of this place,� said � American lady to � guide.

�What can I tell her about our climate?� thought � guide. Then he had � idea.

�Well,� said he, �there is one unusual thing about our climate. One can easily notice that � wind here always blows from � West.�

�Really?� said � lady who seemed to be interested in this fact. But suddenly she said: �You must be wrong. Look! � wind is blow-ing from � East now!�

�Is that so?� said � guide. �Well, then it must be � West wind coming back.�

EXERCISE XVIII.

Fill in the articles where necessary:

NO ALLIGATORS

� tourist who had come to � sea-side town decided to go and bathe in � sea. But before getting into � water he asked his guide: �Are you sure there are no � alligators here?� �Oh, no,� replied � guide. �There are no alligators here.� � tourist was no longer afraid. He jumped into � water and swam about for some time. Then he returned to � shore and asked � guide again: �What makes you sure there aren�t any � al-ligators?� � � alligators are too clever,� answered � guide. �They never appear here because they are afraid of � sharks.�

EXERCISE XIX.

Fill in the gaps with the articles where necessary:

� ABSENT-MINDED PROFESSOR

� Professor Forgetmuch was travelling by � train. When � conductor came up to take his ticket, he could not find it. So, � conductor passed on, saying he would return. � professor contin-ued looking for his � ticket until � conductor returned, but could not find it.

�That will be all right, sir, said � conductor, just pay � money, and never mind � ticket.�

�That isn�t � trouble, my good man,� replied � professor, �but I must have that ticket to know where I am going.�

EXERCISE XX.

Put the articles from the box where necessary:

�, the, �, �, �, �, �, a, the, a, �, the, �, the, �, the, a, �, �, the, the, �, a, the, �, a, the, �, the, �, �, �, �, �, the, �, the, �, an, �

(1) � Sir Walter Raleigh was (2) � English traveller who lived in (3) � England in (4) � days of (5) � Queen Elizabeth. He sailed across (6) � seas to (7) � America in search of new lands. He brought to (8) � England two very important plants: (9) � tobacco plant and (10) � potato.

When he was in (11) � America, he learned to smoke from (12) � Indians.

When he was back in (13) � England, he sat one day in his room by (14) � fire smoking (15) � pipe. His old servant, who knew nothing about (16) � tobacco or smoking, suddenly came into (17) � room and saw (18) � smoke coming out of his master�s mouth. He was frightened; he thought (19) � Sir Raleigh was on (20) � fire. He rushed out of (21) � room, got some water and threw it all over his master before (22) � Sir Walter could explain that he simply smoked.

(23) � Sir Raleigh brought (24) � potato to his country because he wanted � people to learn how to grow (25) � potatoes. He said: �When (26) � harvest was poor, there was no bread and we were all hungry., You were never hungry if you grew (27) � potatoes.� But (28) � people did not like (29) � potatoes. Nobody wanted to eat them because nobody knew how to cook them.

After many years (30) � Frenchman found (31) � best way of growing and cooking (32) � potato. (33) � People began to eat (34) � potatoes and found them good. Since that time more and more (35) � potatoes were grown and eaten in (36) � Europe. (37) � potatoes became one of (38) � most important and useful (39) � vegetables.

EXERCISE XXI.

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. � �� .

2. �� .

3. ��, �� .

4. �� .

5. ³� �� , �� .

6. �� , �� .

7. �� .

8. �� .

9. ̳�� .

10 � �� (ostrich).

11. �� , �� .

12. ��, �� .

13. �� .

14. �� .

15. �� .

16. �� .

17. �� .

18. �� , �� .

19. �� ? ͳ, � �� .

20. �� 볺� �� .

EXERCISE XXII.

Choose the correct answer:

1. It was � warm and early spring this year.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

2. That was � most interesting novel I have ever read.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

3. They are at � lunch now. Don�t bother them.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

4. Jane went to Canada in � winter of 1945.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

5. Do you know � Spanish language?

a) a; b) an; c) the.

6. His father always reads � �Times� on Sundays.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

7. She was � first to enter this room.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

8. You must visit � Zoo Museum in Kyiv.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

9. � British Prime Minister lives in Downing Street.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

10. � first month of the year is January.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

11. Jolly is a student at � Oxford University.

a) a; b) an; c) �;

12. What � wonderful place was it! We enjoyed it very much.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

13. Look at him! He is quite � child.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

14. � Lake Superior is very beautiful.

a) a; b) � ; c) the.

15. � Nile is the biggest river in the world.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

ARTICLES

TEST I

TASK 1.

Fill in the articles where necessary:

1 He�ll come in � minute. Just wait � little.

2. To my mind this dog is � stupid animal.

3. She bought � dress yesterday. It looks nice.

4. In the summer camps children usually have four meals � day.

5. My sister is � pilot and she always flies to Panama herself.

6. There is � sofa in the corner of the living room.

7. Nancy is such � bright girl.

8. What � good idea! Let�s talk it over.

9. She knows Spanish, German and Italian � little.

10. He bought � dozen eggs yesterday.

TASK 2.

Fill in the space with the necessary articles:

1. Give me � book which is on the table.

2. It was � most difficult task I have ever done.

3. When it happened he was � first to come.

4. Look! This is � girl I told you about.

5. � Earth moves round � Sun.

6. Will you come in � evening and we shall discuss this problem?

7. � disabled usually need � help of � society.

8. I knew all � Jacksons very well as I grew up with their chil-dren.

9. He lives in Australia and subscribes to � �News from Ukraine�.

10. � Chinese are industrious hardworking people.

TASK 3.

Choose the correct answert:

1. She was � tall young girl with some freckles on her nose.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

2. They had been living in � USA for ten years before the war started.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

3. He is such � clever boy! He can speak ten foreign languages.

a) a; b); c) the.

4. John�s parents brought him to Canada in � winter of 1965.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

5. There was � thousand books in this private collection.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

6. � dinner we had last week was really delicious.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

7. I have � aunt and two un�les and love them dearly.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

8. � dog is � very intelligent animal.

a) a, a; b) an, an; c) the, the.

9. Travelling last summer I met a friend who lived in � Netherlands.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

10. Her brother was � doctor and had his own clinic.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

TASK 4.

Fill in the gaps with the necessary articles:

1. � gold is, perhaps the most highly valued metal (a, an, the, �).

2. � flowers I brought you yesterday hadn�t wilted yet (a, an, the, �,).

3. When I came in he was reading � �Guardian� (a, an, the, �).

4. When did you have � dinner (a, an, the, �)?

5. What is � English for �� (a, an, the, �)?

6. It was � warm autumn evening and everybody looked at the sunset (a, an, the, �).

7. Have you ever stayed at � Balmorial Hotels (a, an, the, �)?

8. She is singing her part in � second act (a, an, the, �).

9. According to the recipe she needed � dozen eggs for this cake (a, an, the, �).

10. She was � only person I could trust (a, an, the, �).

TASK 5.

Fill in the gaps with the necessary articles:

1. � iron ore is used to make steel.

2. He lives in � Italy in � small village in the mountains.

3. I don�t like � coffee, I prefer � tea.

4. Juliet plays � guitar quite well.

5. In summer we went to � Carpathian Mountains to spend our holidays.

6. He likes to start working early in � morning.

7. � last winter she went to New Zealand.

8. Lanny is a student of � Cambridge University.

9. They went to � Niagara Falls on holidays.

10. When Dmitry returned home he found � new Russia.

TASK 6.

Choose the correct answer:

1. We always spend our holidays on � Mediterranean Sea.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

2. � Svitiaz is one of the most beautiful lakes in Ukraine.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

3. When we were in � Magellan Strait the ship started to burn.

a) a; b); c) the.

4. She is reading � Agatha Criestie now.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

5. We started our journey on � warm summer day.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

6. They carried out their research work in � Sahara.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

7. What � awkward situation! I�ve left the book at home.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

8. They were the members of � National Liberal Club.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

9. In our bank we always subscribe to � �Financial Times�.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

10. When she arrived there she felt like � Alice in Wonderland.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

TASK 7.

Fill in the necessary articles:

1. They had � very substantial dinner.

2. When are we to meet for � lunch?

3. After � light breakfast we felt rather hungry.

4. He likes to cook and often cooks � dinner himself.

5. Was � breakfast ready when you came?

6. � last summer he spent in � mountains.

7. It was � last leaf falling down.

8. What is � highest mountain in the world?

9. � picture I bought at this exhibition is in the drawing room.

10. Everybody knows that � Moon goes round � Sun.

TASK 8.

Choose the correct answer.

1. Our best resorts are located in � Crimea.

a) a; b) an; c) th.

2. � United States of America is one of the richest countries in the world.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

3. She is not � Helen I knew twenty years ago.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

4. � Argentina is rich in silver and iron ore.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

5. Is he � Barton who lived opposite our house?

a) a; b) an; c) the.

6. Have ever been to � Ruhr? No, never.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

7. We were in � Indian Ocean when the storm started.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

8. � Amazon is one of the biggest rivers in the world.

a) a; b) an; c) e.

9. They bought a bungalow on the bank of � Ontario.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

10. Latvia is washed by � Baltic Sea.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

11.The research centre was in � Rocky Mountains.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

12. � Sahara is one of the largest deserts in the world.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

13. Have you seen � Niagara Falls? Yes, a few times.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

14. He was invited to work in � Coliseum Theatre.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

15. We lived in � Ambassador Hotel. Last summer.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

TASK 9.

Fill in the blanks with the definite or indefinite articles from the box where necessary:

a, the, the, the, the, the, an, a, � , the, a, the, the, the, the, the, the, � , a, � , the, the, �, �, the, the, a

I knew (1) � man who had travelled very much in his life. He had visited many countries in (2) � East and in (3) � West. He loved � children and often told them (4) � interesting stories. I remember some of (5) � stories which he told me. One of them was about (6) � adventure he had in (7) � London. He was (8) � young man at that time and was interested in (9) � history of architecture. One day he visited one of (10) � towers of (11) � Houses of (12) � Parlia-ment. He came out on to (13) � balcony of (14) � tower and began to look at (15) � ornaments on (16) � walls Then he climbed up on (17) � roof. Suddenly (18) � man came running to him and seized him by (19) � arm. He began shouting something in (20) � English, but my friend knew only (21) � few words of English and did not understand him. (22). .. Englishman called (23) � policeman. (24) � fact was that he thought that (25) � Russian tourist wanted to kill himself by jumping from (26) � top of (27) � tower. Later, when everything became clear, they laughed (28) � lot over it.

TASK 10.

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. �� ?

2. �� .

3. �� 볻, �� .

4. �� .

5. �� .

6. � ��, �� .

7. �� .

8. �� .

9. �� .

10. �� .

11. �� .

12. �� ! �� .

13. � �� .

14. ³� �� .

15. �� .

16. �� .

17. � �� .

18. �� , � �� (dandelions).

19. � �� .

20. �� .

ARTICLES

TEST II

TASK 1.

Put the article where necessary:

1. We promised that we should return in � hour or so.

2. This cat is � very clever animal.

3. They bought � house yesterday. It looks wonderful.

4. I usually have three meals � day.

5. His brother is � doctor and he works in Africa.

6. There is � stool opposite the stove.

7. Tom is � very handsome fellow.

8. What � clever thought! You are always so smart.

9. Do you speak Spanish fluently? No, � little.

10. He bought � roses for her.

TASK 2.

Fill in the space with the necessary articles:

1. Give � peach which is opposite you. Here you are.

2. He is one of � best chess players in our city.

3. � Venus is very far from � Earth.

4. Who is � boy standing near the door?

5. She is always � first to do all the tests.

6. They will come in � afternoon and we shall solve all the prob-lems.

7. � dumb always have their own interpreters.

8. I hope we shall stay at � Blackwells in August.

9. Daddy always reads � � Financial Times� at weekends.

10. � Japanese have ancient traditions which are very interesting.

TASK 3.

Choose the correct answer:

1. He was � very hardworking fellow and you could always rely on him.

a) the; b) an; c) a.

2. They left for � Netherlands after the war in Georgia.

a) an; b) a; c) the.

3. July�s parents went to Barbados in � spring of 1936.

a) the; b) a; c) an.

4. � dinner we had yesterday was really wonderful.

a) an; b) the; c) a.

5. She emigrated to � USA just before the war.

a) the; b) an; c) a.

6. Mother always uses � dozen eggs for this cake.

a) an; b) the; c) a.

7. � dolphin is � very intelligent animal.

a) an , the; b) a, the; c) the, a.

8. Ted has � sister and three brothers.

a) an; b) a; c) the.

9. My sister is � pilot of � very famous actor.

a) the; b) an; c) a.

10. Jolly is such � smart girl!

a) a; b) an; c) the.

11. Daddy always reads � � Times� on weekends.

a) the; b) a; c) an.

TASK 4.

Fill in the gaps with the necessary articles:

1. � silver is mined in Argentina in large quantities (a, an, the, �).

2. � house we sold last year was more expensive (a, an, the, �).

3. My brother always buys � � Kyiv Post� on Fridays (a, an, the, �).

4. When did you have � lunch (a, an, the, �)?

5. What is � Spanish for �� (a, an, the, �)?

6. It was � early spring and everything was in blossom (a, an, the, �).

7. Pavarotti is singing his part in � first act (a, an, the, �).

8. Why did you stay at �� Savoy�? Is it really so nice (a, an, the, �)?

9. George has won � million on his lottery (a, an, the, �).

10. He was � person who never told lies (a, an, the, �).

TASK 5.

Fill in the gaps with the necessary articles:

1. � sand is used to make glass.

2. She lives in � Switzerland in � small town near the mountains.

3. John doesn�t like � tea, he prefers � coffee.

4. In winter I always go to � Crimean Mountains to ski there.

5. My son plays � piano rather well.

6. He finished his work late in � evening.

7. � last summer we travelled to Canada.

8. Her brother entered � Oxford University this year.

9. Bob visited Canada and saw � Niagara Falls.

10. Coming home we saw � new Ukraine.

TASK 6.

Choose the correct answer:

1. They spent their holidays on � Black Sea in Yalta.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

2. Crossing � English Channel we saw a lot of sea � gulls.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

3. � Dnieper is one of the biggest rivers in Europe.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

4. I am reading � Sidney Sheldon now.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

5. It was � cold winter day when we started for Canada.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

6. We carried out our research work in � Gobi.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

7. He is such � clever boy! He knows all the answers.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

8. Tony is a member of � Rotary Club.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

9. Ann is fond of � German language.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

10. Have you read that article about �� Titanic�?

a) a; b) an; c) the.

TASK 7.

Fill in the necessary articles:

1. We had � wonderful lunch yesterday.

2. When are they to meet for � dinner?

3. Everybody knows that � Earth goes round � sun.

4. � flowers I have planted this spring began to bloom.

5. Which is � longest river on the planet?

6. It was � last dream of her father.

7. Was � dinner ready when you came?

8. After � breakfast he went to the club for a game of golf.

9. Does she like to cook � dinner herself?

10. � last winter we spent in � mountains.

TASK 8.

Choose the correct answer:

1. Our best mineral waters are located in � Carpathian Moun-tains.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

2. � Argentine has large deposits of silver and a lot of silver mines.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

3. He is not � Teddy I knew thirty years ago.

a) a; b)an; c) the.

4. � Canada borders on � USA in the south and in the north.

a) �, a; b) �, the; c) an, �.

5. Is she � Smith who studied with you in the same class?

a) a; b) an; c) the.

6. Have you ever been to � Tyrol? Yes, twice.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

7. They sailed across � Atlantic Ocean when we met that ship.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

8. � Nile is one of the longest rivers in the world.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

9. My dream was to see � Baikal and � Siberia.

a) the, the; b) an, an; c) a,a.

10. This island is washed by � North Sea.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

11. They stayed in � Ritz last summer and really enjoyed it.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

12. We spent last summer on � Philippines.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

13. Tammy went to � Alps last spring with her parents.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

14. We saw this opera in � Royal Opera House.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

15. He found this spider in � Kara Kum and described it in his book.

a) a; b) an; c) the.

TASK 9.

Fill in the gaps with the articles from the box, where necessary:

the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, a, a, a, the, enough, the, they, �, �, the, �, the, the, a, �, a, a

(1) � CAT AND (2) � MICE

Once upon (3) � time there lived (4) � number of (5) � mice in (6) � house. Unfortunately (7) � cat also lived in (8) � same house. So (9) � mice were not happy. They never felt safe because (10) � cat was always hunting them. You know that (11) � cats do not like (12) � mice. (13) � decided to do something about it. They gathered together to discuss (14) � best way of getting rid of (15) � cat. They had (16) � lot of plans but none of these plans was good.

At last (17) � young mouse said �I�ll tell you what we must do. We must hang (18) � bell round (19) � cat�s neck. If the cat comes we run away because we shall hear (20) � bell ring.�

All (21) � mice agreed that (22) � plan was excellent.

Then (23) � old mouse rose and said � (24) � point is which of us will tie (25) � bell to (26) � cat�s neck?� Silence was (27) � only answer to her words. No mouse was brave (28) � to do that.

TASK 10.

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. �� .

2. �� .

3. � �� , �� .

4. �� .

5. �� .

6. �� .

7. �� , �� .

8. �� .

9. �� .

10. �� .

11. ĳ�� .

12. �� ! �� .

13. ³� �� , � � �� .

14. �� -�� .

15. � �� .

16. �� .

17. � �� .

18. ĳ�� .

19. �� 1939 ��.

20. �� ?

Pronouns

EXERCISE I.

Here you have personal pronouns

Subject: he, she, it, you, I, one, we, they.

Object: me, you, him, her, it, one, us, them.

Complete the sentences. Use pronouns from the list above.

1) Josh lost the purse. � doesn�t know when it happened.

2) We met girls in the cafe, but Bob didn�t meet �

3) Kate was there too. I talked to � for twenty minutes.

4) Carol bought a new car. � is a Mercedes.

5) I need some help. Please, help �

6) My friend and I sold all the trees. � need some new flowers now.

7) He looked at me. � couldn�t help him.

8) They invited us. � agreed to come.

9) I want to send � this present. They will be glad.

10) We locked his documents. � was very angry.

EXECISE II.

Here we have possessive pronouns: mine, yours, his, hers, ours, yours, theirs.

Fill in these pronouns in the exercise below.

1. This book is worse. � is better.

2. It is not my bag. It is �

3. They lost their copy. It is �

4. She brought the umbrella. It is �

5. We have the new books. There are �

6. You don�t have a pen. Is it � ?

7. I don�t need this eraser. I have �

8. He bought a new painting. It is �

9. Are these pencils �

10. They have books for home reading. They are �

EXERCISE III.

Choose the correct form.

1. She often sees (he, him) in the office.

2. They live near (she, her) in this district.

3. He teaches (we, us) French this semester.

4. You�ll sit near (I, me) at this party.

5. I�ve known (they, them) for five years.

6. She wants to talk with (he, him).

7. He explains the rule to (we, us) very often.

8. You always help (I, me) with my home assignments.

9. He always looks at (she, her) when they meet.

10. We always speak to (he, him) in Japanese.

11. He lost his eraser. Give him (your, yours).

12. They bought a new house. It is (their, theirs).

13. Ann gave me this cassette. It is (her, hers).

14. The children bought a book for Bob. Now it�s (his, his).

15. I never borrow pens and pencils. I always have (my, mine).

EXERCISE IV.

Here we have some reflexive pronouns as myself, himself, herself, itself, yourself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves.

And here you�ll try to fill in these pronouns.

1) The man fell � Nobody pushed him.

2) The vase broke � It was of bad quality.

3) The children amuse � with the balloons.

4) The policeman shot � by accident.

5) She loves � very much. She is so self absorbed.

6) My brother shaves � every morning.

7) The cat hurt � when it jumped from that pine tree.

8) Did you enjoy � at that party yesterday?

9) The boys taught � to ride a bike.

10) Ann and I helped � with this problem.

EXERCISE V.

Complete the sentences using reflexive pronouns.

1) Herbert burnt � while lighting a cigar.

2) The children enjoyed � at the party.

3) Liz taught � to sew.

4) I have cut � while shaving.

5) The cat washes � every morning.

6) You will hurt � while jumping.

7) The parents blame � for what has happened.

8) Solomon shaves � every morning.

9) We protect � from bad emotions.

10) Kathy likes to look at � in the mirror.

EXERCISE VI.

Here we have the emphatic use of reflexive pronouns: my-

self, himself, herself, itself, yourself, ourselves, yourselves, them-selves:

Fill in the gaps with the nessecary pronouns:

1. Ann � will do all the washing.

2. I � will have a lot to do.

3. They � refused to come to visit us.

4. The detective � investigated the crime.

5. You � must speak to him about it.

6. The pupils � wrote this test perfectly well.

7. I � don�t visit this cafe.

8. John � sent this parcel.

9. They � did this test.

10. We � could cross this river.

11. Jane � sewed everything in her teens.

12. The President � gave this order.

13. The children � organized the puppet show.

14. The Queen � wrote this letter.

15. I � published this article.

EXERCISE VII.

Translate the following sentences into English.

1. �� .

2. �� .

3. � �� . � �� .

4. �� . �� .

5. �� , � ��.

6. �� ? ³�� .

7. �� ? �� .

8. ֳ �� ?

9. ʳ�� .

10. �� , �� .

11. �� .

12. ³� �� .

13. �� , �� .

14. �� , �� .

15. �� .

16. �� , �� .

EXERCISE VIII.

Here we have demonstrative pronouns such as this, that, those, these.

Change the pronouns this and that to plural form and make neces-sary changes in the sentence.

1. This letter is yours. � These letters are yours.

2. That hill is too far away.

3. This book is out of date.

4. This wallet on the chair is mine.

5. This box is very beautiful.

6. That picture is an oil painting.

7. This is my mother�s idea.

8. That armchair is new.

9. This box of cigars is his.

10. That slipper is John�s one.

EXERCISE IX.

Here we have indefinite pronouns some, any, no, something, any-thing, nothing, somebody, anybody, nobody, someone, anyone, no one, every, everyone, everybody, everything.

Change the sentences to negative and interrogative forms using any instead of some.

1. We have some guests today.

2. Give me some pens.

3. The doctor gave her some medicine.

4. I�ve bought some envelopes today.

5. There is some news I want to tell you.

6. We need some lemons for the cake.

7. They read some English books.

8. There is some sheep in the yard.

9. We see some cats near the rubbish box.

10. They keep some tools in the box.

EXERCISE X.

Fill in some or any where necessary.

1. I haven�t � stamps now.

2. Please put � sugar in this tea.

3. There are � flowers in the vase.

4. She hasn�t � pets at all.

5. He wanted to buy � lemons.

6. They never have � trouble with their child.

7. Steve says he has � money with him.

8. We need � apples for fresh juice.

9. We never have � problems with our car.

10. Don�t give � money to Kate. She is always losing it.

EXERCISE XI.

Make these sentences negative and interrogative:

1. There are some roses in the vase.

2. He had some documents to prepare.

3. We need some apples to buy today.

4. They translated some books from Japanese.

5. They put some milk into their coffee.

6. We bought some new furniture.

7. He needs some money for the redecoration.

8. The children made some new puppets for their performance.

9. There is some juice in the glass.

10. We have some new photos to show you.

EXERCISE XII.

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. �� . 2. �� . 3. �� , �� , �� . 4. �� . 5. � �� . 6. �� . 7. � �� ? 8. �� . 9. � �� . 10. �� ? 11. �� , �� .

EXERCISE X�.

We use some, something, somebody and somewhere in positive sentences, any, anything, anybody, anywhere in questions and nega-tive sentences, no, nobody, nothing, nowhere are used only in nega-tive sentences;

Fill in the gaps with something; somebody; anything; anybody; nothing; nobody; somewhere; anywhere; nowhere.

1. There is. .. pleasant in her appearance.

2. She never does � wrong.

3. Will � give me this information?

4. The room is empty. I can find �

5. We must send � for the cake.

6. He seemed to know � interesting about this.

7. We met � near the river. The bank was empty.

8. Will � help me to do this?

9. If you need � ask her please.

10. They must ask � to show the books.

11. Where is my T-shirt? I can�t find it �

12. Let�s go � else today.

13. If you do this, it will lead to �

14. Has � seen John today?

15. He did � to help us.

16. There was � in the hall. It was empty.

EXERCISE XIV.

Choose the appropriate pronouns (something, somebody, any-thing, anybody, somewhere, anywhere)

1. We saw � in the distance but we didn�t recognize him.

2. There is � pleasant in her face.

3. I�ve put my blouse � and cannot find it.

4. Did you see � here ten minutes ago?

5. He was never angry with �

6. She wrote � in her notes and closed her note � book.

7. Do you know � in London?

8. If you need � just ask me, please.

9. John never does � wrong.

10. We cannot find her � Where has she gone?

11. Will � help him to finish this work?

12. I want to buy � extraordinary for her.

13. You mustn�t tell � about this plan.

14. Have you seen George? Yes, he is � here.

15. Would you like � to eat?

EXERCISE XV.

Choose the appropriate pronoun from the box.

Any, anybody, anything, every, everybody, everything

1. She does morning exercises � day.

2. You can meet her � time between 1 and 2.

3. This is a small town where � knows � about �

4. He will do � to save her.

5. There are a lot of carpets here. You can choose � colour you like.

6. They told us � they wanted and there isn�t � else to say.

7. He seemed to know � about music.

8. She doesn�t know � about these gossips.

9. We know � person in this club.

10. � knows him as a very talented writer.

EXERCISE XVI.

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. �� -�� ? 2. �� . 3. �� . 4. � ��-�� ? 5. �� . 6. � �� o�� . 7. �� . 8. �� -�� ? 9. �� -��, �� . 10. �� ?

EXERCISE XVII.

Fill in the gaps with none, nobody, nothing.

1. � of us will go there. It�s not the place we should go.

2. � has happened. Don�t worry.

3. It was too dark outside and we could see �

4. He found two copies but � of them was correct.

5. Kate had watched � of the two films I told her to watch.

6. There was � in the hall when we entered.

7. He will buy � today because it is Sunday and the shops are closed.

8. There was � at the counter.

9. You can see � out of the window. It is snowing heavily.

10. � of them is rigid.

EXERCISE XVIII.

Make the words in brackets and sentences negative:

1. (Any) of us can read this text without the dictionary.

2. They have (something) in the fridge.

3. You have (anything) else to translate into English.

4. They saw (somebody) on the top of the hill.

5. The children are (somewhere) in the garden.

6. Did you see (anybody) in the hall)?

7. We have (something) cool to drink. Let�s look into the fridge.

8.We cannot find these materials (anywhere). Will you help us?

9. Can you see (anybody) there on the bank of the lake?

10. They saw (somebody) on the top of the hill.

EXERCISE XIX.

Change the negative pronouns into interrogative or affirmative ones:

1. There was nobody in the corridor. 2. He knew that he could go nowhere. 3. The night was so dark that we saw nothing in this darkness. 4. We shall read nothing more interesting. 5. Nobody

has finished this exercise. 6. This quarrel will lead to nowhere. 7. Nothing grew in her beds because she planted nothing this year. 8. He has changed so much that nobody recognizes him. 9. They did nothing to help us in this situation. 10. You can see nothing out of here.

EXERCISE XX.

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. �� , �� . 2. � ��, �� . 3. ĳ�� . ��, ��, �� . 4. �� , �� . 5. ͳ�� , �� . 6. � �� . 7. ³� �� . 8. � �� . 9. ³� �� . 10. ͳ�� , �� .

EXERCISE XXI.

We use one � 1) instead of a singular noun, 2) instead of a plural noun, 3) after an adjective in a noun phrase, 4) after the, 5) after every.

Fill in 7the gaps with one or ones.

1.Which roses would you like? The yellow ones.

2. Which skirt do you prefer? The long �

3. Which jeans do you prefer? The black �

4. This coat is the best. Which � ?

5. Which shoes would you like to try on? The � on the shelf.

6. Which scarf fits you best? The white �

7. Which ring are you going to buy? The most expensive �

8. Will you show me the cup? Which � ?

9. I like these shorts. Which � ?

10. She likes these cakes. Which � ?

EXERCISE XXII.

Translate the following sentences into English.

1. ֳ �� .

2. �� .

3. ҳ �� .

4. �� .

5. � �� .

6. ͳ�� .

7. �� .

8. �� , �� .

9. �� -�� 璿��?

10. �� . ³�� .

11. �� .

12. �� .

13.� �� .

14. �� , �� .

15. �� .

16. ˳�� .

17. �� ? ��, � �� .

18. �� ? �� ?

19. �� . ��? ��, ��.

20. �� ? ��.

21. ͳ�� .

22. � ��, �� .

23. �� , �� .

24. �� , �� .

EXERCISE XXIII.

We use much and many in the negative statements and in questions.

Also we use them in formal statements and time references. And we use a lot in the time references. And we use a lot or the informal lots in the affirmative sentences.

Fill in gaps with many, much and a lot.

1. There aren�t � portraits in that hall.

2. I see you have � books in your library.

3. There isn�t � sugar in this pie.

4. Bill Gates has � money.

5. There isn�t � space in this flat.

6. We spent there � years and I still love this place.

7. � money is spent for armaments.

8. Have you received � invitations?

9. Is there � salt left?

10. There are � elephants in India.

11. � of people crowded the streets.

12. He had lived here for � years before he left.

13. There aren�t � apples this year. The spring was rather cold.

14. We didn�t have � snow last winter.

15. There are � wild geese in the south.

EXERCISE XXIV.

Note! Quite a few � means a lot of.

Fill in few; a few; little; a little.

1. Very � students are really hardworking.

2. Hurry up. There is � time left.

3. She is not very communicative. She has got very � friends.

4. He cannot give these books. There are only � of them left and he had promised them to his customers.

5. There is too � snow this year. The rivers will be smaller.

6. Can you spend a lot of time for it? No, only �

7. Help yourselves to this pie. There are only � slices left.

8. The translation isn�t very difficult. I had to look for � words in the dictionary.

9. Would you like some more tea? Yes, please pour �

10. We have very � time. The train is to leave.

EXERCISE XXV.

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. �� .

2. � �� .

3. �� .

4. �� , �� , �� .

5. � �� 볺��. ³� �� .

6. �� .

7. �� .

8. �� .

9. � �� .

10. � �� .

EXERCISE XXVI.

The other, another, others are used as pronouns. We use another when we mean one more from the group of the items; we use the other when we mean the last in the group.

Fill in the gaps with the nessecary pronouns:

1. There are many colours. Red is one, blue is �

2. There are two cakes left. You�ll take one and I shall take �

3. We have a lot of apples. I shall have only one and Tom will eat �

4. Bob has two ties. One is green and the � is brown.

5. She has only one skirt. I asked her to buy �

6. There were a lot of candies. Tom had one and Sarah took �

7. Out of my ten friends, only two emigrated. � left home.

8. I don�t like this hat. Will you show me � ?

9. That is my opinion but � think differently.

10. Here are two T � shirts, one for me, � for Bill.

EXERCISE XXVII.

Here we have either, neither and both. Neither means none, either means that it doesn�t matter which one.

Fill in them in the gaps.

1. He can�t understand who is speaking. It�s � your mother or your sister; their voices are so much alike.

2. We haven�t seen her for ages. We � saw her nor meet her.

3. Which vases do you like? � of them look ugly.

4. Which cafe should we choose? � of them is very nice and the food is delicious.

5. � of them are going to come. I�ll be very happy to see them.

6. Which piece of cake would you like? � of them will be nice. I like this cake.

7. Which pot shall I use? � Use the frying pan.

8. � kittens look smart, let�s buy them.

9. What blouse would you prefer, green or pink? � I like them both.

10. � cats are black. � are red.

EXERCISE XXVIII.

Choose the correct pronouns:

1. I have checked (either, neither, both) compositions but I didn�t like them.

2. We can take (either, neither, both) bus. It makes no difference.

3. We saw (either, neither, both) performances and they were very nice.

4. (Either, neither, both) paintings were good. They are not going to buy them.

5. (Either, neither, both) of these dresses are nice. I really cannot choose because I like them (either, neither, both).

6. I�ll have (either, neither, both) the cake or the ice cream. I don�t care which.

7. Which country would you like to visit? (either, neither, both). I don�t mind. I�d like to visit them (either, neither, both).

8. Which of the pullovers will you choose? (either, neither, both). I�d like to buy a sweater.

9. (Either, neither, both) of these T- shirts are worth buying. I�ll buy them (either, neither, both).

10. She wants (either, neither, both) the coat and the fur coat. I�m so sorry for her husband.

EXERCISE XXIX.

Here we have both, all and half used as pronouns.

Put these pronouns where necessary.

1. Don�t be angry. He loves you �

2. They have eaten it � There is no cake left.

3. Where is the juice? Here in the bottles. But � of them are empty.

4. What happened at the party? I don�t know, � of us left early.

5. The boys � went there and got it.

6. The children � left late.

7. The guests are � ready to leave.

8. The girls are � reading.

9. The pupils must � go home.

10. Are you here ? Yes, we � are.

11. Have you written everything? Yes, we have written it �

12. Can you all do it? Yes, we � can do it.

13. Will you take the whole cake? No, only � of it.

14. � of them are invited to go there.

15. � of it happened there in the summer camp.

EXERCISE XXX.

Put in the necessary words from the box.

Himself, everybody, both, each other, nobody, his, who, his, he, his, eyes, his, he, his

Tom Blackwell met (1) � love at last (2) �met her at the ball of the French Ambassador in Rome. Paul was a tall twenty six years old young man with dark blue (3) � and curly blond hair. (4) � parents died twenty years ago and (5) � was brought up by (6) � uncle. Un-cle George was a very funny person (7) � loved jokes, good cigars and a glass of good brandy. Tom decided to introduce (8) � bride to (9) � uncle as soon as possible. They (10) � were terribly in love with (11) � and felt very happy. (12) � could believe Tom to be in love so much. The news overspread quickly and (13) � knew about this wedding. Tom (14) � was so happy that all (15) � relatives were happy too.

EXERCISE XXXI.

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. �� .

2. �� .

3. �� . �� .

4. �� . �� .

5. �� . ³�� .

6. �� , �� . �� .

7. ³� �� .

8. �� . �� .

9. �� .

10. �� .

11. �� .

12. ͳ�� , �� .

13. �� ?

14. ͳ�� . �� .

15. �� ? ³� �� .

16. �� .

17. �� ? � �� .

18. ³� �� , �� .

19. �� .

20. �� . ��? ��.

21. �� . ��? ��.

22. � �� ? ��.

23. �� ? ʳ��.

24. �� , � �� .

25. �� , �� .

26. �� . �� , � �� .

EXERCISE XXXII.

Choose the correct answer:

1. Give me � pen for a minute. I�ve lost �

a) you, me; b) yours, my; c) your, mine.

2. They left � children at home with � nurse.

a) their, their; b) our, our; c) theirs, theirs.

3. She wanted to do it � without anybody�s help.

a) himself; b) itself; c) herself.

4. There is � milk in the jar. We don�t need. .

a) some; b) any; c) no.

5. Will � come tonight to our party?

a) somebody; b) anybody; c) nobody.

6. The room is empty. There is � in the room.

a) somebody; b) anybody; c) nobody.

7. Ann is � here. I saw her two minutes ago.

a) somewhere; b) anywhere; c) nowhere.

8. � is home. Let�s have dinner.

a) everybody; b) everything; c) everything.

9. � of us came at the same time.

a) some; b) both; c) neither.

10. � flats are good. We shall choose another one.

a) either; b) some; c) neither.

11. � of us got tired. We can go another twenty kilometers.

a) any; b) none; c) no.

12. Are you going � after dinner?

a) somewhere; b) anywhere; c) nowhere.

13. Take as � as you like. We have a lot of apples this year.

a) much; b) many; c) a lot of.

14. Have you finished your slice? No, it�s too � for me.

a) much; b) many; c) a lot of.

15. � he told us was a lie. I cannot trust him anymore.

a) anything; b) everything; c) something.

PRONOUNS

TEST I

TASK I.

Fill in the correct pronouns:

1. Sam came home late. � was busy with his project.

2. Betty was at the party. � was glad to see me.

3. Bob and I spent a very good time there. � were happy.

4. The children ran into the room. � were shouting and screaming.

5. Will you visit � this Sunday? We shall be very glad to see you.

6. He invited Pamela and � agreed to come.

7. If I ask � , he will help me to do that.

8. Ann got a car as a present. � is a Toyota.

9. When she called � , he turned his head and saw her.

10. Is he the � you told me about dozens of times?

TASK II.

Choose the correct answer:

1. He took � papers and left the room without saying good bye.

a) he; b) his; c) me.

2. Give me � book which you took yesterday.

a) me; b) my; c) he.

3. They brought � own pens and pencils.

a) they; b) their; c) my.

4. We always take � children with us when we go there.

a) we; b) our; c) she.

5. You may come and bring � sister with you.

a) she; b) we; c) your.

6. She has � own style in clothes and always looks very smart.

a) they; b) we; c) her.

7. My dog always wages � tail when it sees me.

a) it; b) its; c) her.

8. They have very good relations with � relatives.

a) he; b) their; c) me.

9. Will you take � umbrella with you? It is going to rain.

a) her; b) your; c) mine.

10. We can give you � bag and you will bring it back.

a) us; b) our; c) we.

TASK III.

Put in Possessive Pronouns:

1. We bought a house. The house is �

2. She has two dogs. The dogs are �

3. They have a parrot. The parrot is �

4. Tom got a book as a present. The book is �

5. He earned money. The money is �

6. You have a gold fish. The gold fish is �

7. Sheila eats chocolates. The chocolates are �

8. They have cigarettes. The cigarettes are. .

9. I have a piano. The piano is �

10. You bought new shoes. The shoes are. .

TASK IV.

Put in reflexive pronouns:

1. Bobby cut � when he was shaving.

2. She looked at � in the mirror and left the room.

3. He taught � to play the piano at the age of six.

4. There are a lot of strawberries on the plate. Help �

5. The cat tried to bite me but bit � by mistake.

6. You can easily loose � in the wood.

7. My friends enjoyed � at this concert.

8. She learned everything � without anybody�s help.

9. I sewed this dress �

10. The designer chose the cloth �

TASK V.

Fill in the necessary pronouns:

1. He has two cars. One car is his. � is his wife�s.

2. The cat has three kittens. One is grey, � is black and � is red.

3. We have two sisters. One is a doctor, � is a cook.

4. Here you see ten apples. I�ll take one and you can take �

5. Some people like theatre � like cinema.

6. Look at my hands. One is clean, � is dirty.

7. They see a lot of buses. One is red, � is yellow, � are all blue.

8. One article is a, � is an and � is the.

9. Ukraine borders on a lot of countries. Poland is one, Russia is �, Hungary is � All � are Bilorus, Checkia, Moldova and Romania.

10. She will come in � two minutes.

TASK VI.

Complete the sentences with some, any, something, anything, nothing, somebody, anybody, nobody, somewhere, anywhere, no-where.

1. There aren�t � new chairs in here. Are you going to buy � ?

2. Would you like � to drink? It�s too hot today.

3. She started her diet and refuses to eat �

4. Have you seen Andy � here? I have been looking for him for ten minutes.

5. Will � join us today? We�ll be happy to see you.

6. Barbara has put the gloves � on the chair.

7. Is your house � near the Stuarts?

8. � called him to dinner and he refused the invitation.

9. It will lead to � Let�s stop quarrelling.

10.We haven�t seen � of these films this month.

TASK VII.

Fill in much, many, a lot of, few, little, a few, a little:

1. There are � different animals in the zoo.

2. Let�s hurry. We have � time left.

3. There are very � buses at the bus stop.

4. Do you have any cakes left? Yes, we have � few.

5. There isn�t � snow this year.

6. They don�t have � pets at home.

7. We see � new paintings at the exhibition.

8. They haven�t � much information about this question.

9. Do you have � milk? No, �

10. Are there � new people there? No, �

TASK VIII.

Fill in the space with both, either and neither:

1. � of them is here. They are away.

2. I like � skirts. They look smart.

3. � of them are very talented. They are working at the thesis.

4. Would you like a candy or a chocolate? � I don�t like sweets.

5. Which of these two films did you like? � of them were interest-ing.

6. We can visit � cafe. I really don�t mind.

7. � twins are very much alike. They take after their father.

8. I don�t like coffee. � do I.

9. We can � take a cat or a dog with us.

10. � he � his parents learnt about it.

TASK IX.

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. �� .

2. �� , � �� .

3. ³� �� . �� .

4. �� .

5. �� .

6. �� .

7. �� .

8. �� 򳺿 ��.

9. ͳ�� .

10. �� ? �� .

11. �� ?

12. �� ? ��.

13. �� ? ʳ��.

14. �� .

15. � �� . �� , �� .

16. �� . � �� , �� .

17. �� ? ͳ, ��.

18. �� .

19. ͳ ��, � � �� .

20. �� ? ��, �� .

TASK X.

Put in the missing words from the box:

It, his, your, me, his, he, he, their, their, them, they, he, of

INKY HANDS AND GEOGRAPHY

During a geography lesson the teacher is speaking to (1) � pupils about the points (2) � the compass. (3) � tells them that when (4) � are facing the north, the south is behind (5) � , while the east is on (6) � right hand and the west is on (7) � left hand. Just then (8) � sees that one of the boys, named Bobby, is not listening (9) � calls to him �Bobby, stand up and tell (10) � what is on (11) � left hand?� Bobby stands up and says �Please, sir, there is some ink on my left hand and I cannot take (12) � off.

TASK XI.

Choose the correct answer:

1. John met � best friend Kevin and � went to the pub.

a) her, she; b) his, they; c) you, our.

2. I left � book at home and he gave me �

a) his, her; b) our, theirs; c) my, his.

3. The boy fell � Nobody pushed him.

a) herself; b) himself; c) ourselves.

4. They have known � about him for twenty years.

a) nothing; b) anything; c) something.

5. I advise you to add � milk in this pastry.

a) no; b) any; c) some.

6. Is there � here in this room?

a) anybody; b) somebody; c) nobody.

7. Where is Bob? He is � here in the garden.

a) somewhere; b) anywhere; c) nowhere.

8. � pupil in our school wears a uniform.

a) some; b) every; c) nothing.

9. She told me � when I met her yesterday.

a) any; b) everything; c) some.

10. Let�s hurry. We haven�t � time.

a) many; b) a lot of; c) much.

PRONOUNS

TEST I�

TASK I.

Fill in the correct pronouns:

1. David gave me � pen because mine was broken

2. We met Susan at the party. � was glad to see us.

3. Is she the � you told me yesterday?

4. When I called Dick � he turned his head.

5. I got a car as a present. � is Toyota.

6. If you ask her to help � will never refuse.

7. The children were very noisy. � were playing football.

8. He invited � and we agreed to come.

9. Sally and I decided to do it but � kept it in secret.

10. Give me � pencil for a minuite.

TASK II.

Choose the correct answer:

1. She calls � mother every Sunday.

a) his; b) her; c) it.

2. Have you brought � book which you took yesterday?

a) her; b) it; c) my.

3. They have � own tasks and are writing them now.

a) their; b) our; c) my.

4. We saw � cat high up on the tree.

a) it; b) our; c) your.

5. Will you come and bring � brother with you?

a) our; b) my; c) your.

6. Roger is a talented artist. Have you seen � new paintings?

a) his; b) her; c) our.

7. The cat put � paw on my knee and looked at me.

a) its; b) my; c) our.

8. They visit � relatives very often because they love them.

a) her; b) their; c) it.

9. Will you take � jacket? It�s getting colder.

a) their; b) it; c) my.

10. Did you see � ginger cat? It is so lovely.

a) our; b) it; c) your.

TASK III.

Put in Possessive Pronouns:

1. He brought a book. The book is �

2. I have two cats. The cats are �

3. They have a boat. The boat is �

4. She bought a doll. It is �

5. You got a bicycle. The bicycle is �

6. Josh earned a lot of money. The money is �

7. We have a lot of candies. They are �

8. I have a gold fish. The gold fish is �

9. You have a violin. The violin is �

10. The children have balls. The balls are �

TASK IV.

Put in Reflexive Pronouns:

1. Betty always buys her clothes �

2. George sews his suits �

3. We always enjoy � at his concerts.

4. Larry learned the subject � Nobody helped him.

5. I cut � while I was shaving.

6. Look at � ! You are so dirty.

7. The dog bit � by mistake.

8. They lost � in the woods yesterday.

9. There are a lot of peaches on the plate, just help �

10. Anna designs her clothes �

TASK V.

Fill in the necessary pronouns:

1. She has two skirts. One is red, � is white.

2. The dog has three puppies. One is black, � is grey, � is white.

3. They have two brothers. One is a teacher, � is a surgeon.

4. Here we have ten cakes. I�ll take one and you�ll take �

5. Some people like books, � prefer movies.

6. Look at his eyes! One is green, � is grey.

7. We see a lot of cars. One is green, � is blue, � are black.

8. He will come in � two minutes.

9. Here we have three cakes. One is round. � is oval and � is square.

10. Look at my shoes! One shoe is clean, � is dirty.

TASK VI.

Complete the sentences with some, any, something, anything, nothing, somebody, anybody, nobody, somewhere, anywhere, no-where:

1. We didn�t buy � new books last year.

2. Will you give � to eat? I�m so hungry.

3. Did you see Dick � ? No, I didn�t see him �

4. He put � into his bag but we didn�t see what it was.

5. � came that morning and she was disappointed very much.

6. They expected for some help but he did �

7. This quarrel will lead to � Be more kind to each other.

8. Is there � park not far from your house?

9. Kathy lives � near but I don�t know her address.

10. He put � milk into his tea and started drinking.

TASK VII.

Fill in the gaps with much, many, a lot of, few, a few, little, a little:

1. There are � different kinds of fishes in this aquarium.

2. There isn�t � snow in the mountains this year.

3. We didn�t see � cars in the streets at that time.

4. He found � diamonds in the Siberia.

5. There is � milk left in the bottle.

6. Are there � new dresses? No, just �

7. They haven�t � food in the fridge. Let�s go and buy �

8. Is there � cream in this coffee? No, �

9. Are there � chairs? No, �

10. The streets are practically empty at this time. There are � peo-ple in the streets.

TASK VIII.

Fill in the space with both, neither � nor, either and neither:

1. � of them came. We can go home alone.

2. � her sister � she recited the poem.

3. We shall buy � dresses. They are rather nice.

4. What restaurant shall we choose? � They are both very nice.

5. � twins are very talented like their father.

6. I don�t like milk. � do I.

7. Would you like juice or lemonade? � I don�t mind.

8. Which of these two books is better? � of them are interesting.

9. We cannot trust him. � can we. He is obviously lying.

10. � of his brothers are in this business.

TASK IX.

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. �� .

2. �� , � �� .

3. �� .

4. �� , � �� .

5. �� . �� .

6. �� .

7. �� .

8. �� (hand-manual).

9. �� .

10. �� .

11. ͳ�� .

12. �� ? �� .

13. �� ? ͳ��.

14. �� ? ��.

15. �� ? ʳ�� .

16. �� .

17. ³� �� . �� , �� .

18. �� . � �� , � �� .

19. �� ? ͳ, ��.

20. ͳ ��, � � �� .

TASK X.

Put in the missing words from the box:

Both, I, you, his, some, it, his, his, both

(1) � mistaken.

In the bus a well dressed gentleman missed (2) � silk handker-chief and accused (3) � neighbour, an old man, of having stolen (4) � But after (5) � time the well dressed gentleman found the hand-kerchief in (6) � pocket and apologized for having accused the old man.

�Never mind� said the latter.�(7) � thought I was a thief, and (8) � thought you were a gentleman. We were (9) � mistaken�.

TASK XI.

Choose the correct answer:

1.Have you � books in your collection? Yes, a lot.

a) much; b) many; c) a lot of.

2. Give me � to eat. I am so hungry.

a) something; b) nothing; c) anything.

3. � knows this rule and uses it while writing the composition.

a) nobody; b) somebody; c) everybody.

4. Did you see my pen � ? No, I didn�t.

a) anywhere; b) somewhere; c) nowhere.

5. There is � in the room whom I don�t know.

a) anybody; b) somebody; c) nobody.

6. Will you give me � more coffee? With pleasure.

a) any; b) no; c) some.

7. It was so dark in the room that we saw �

a) nothing; b) anything; c) something.

8. I don�t go to the barber�s. I always shave �

a) herself; b) itself; c) myself.

9. I left my book at home and she gave me �

a) hers; b) his; c) theirs.

10. Dave met � best friend Nick and � went to the pub.

a) my, he; b) his, they; c) she, my.

Adjectives

EXERCISE I.

Here we have demonstrative adjectives this, that, these, those.

Complete the following sentences with the words above.

1. � beach was quite empty last year.

2. He pointed to the door and � door opened.

3. � people come from the hotel over there.

4. Have you seen � notes?

5. What does � note say?

6. Do you see � birds at the top of the tree?

7. We didn�t see � materials, you gave us.

8. Is � the lady you told me about?

9. Where did you buy � shoes? They look pretty good.

10. � new hotels near the mountains were built a year ago.

EXERCISE II.

You see here distributive adjectives each, every, either, neither.

Add the words from the list above into the sentences below.

1. � man knows what to do in this case.

2. � person has good and bad habits.

3. � student has his or her own materials.

4. � restaurant is expensive.

5. I didn�t like � cafe.

6. � book is interesting.

7. We invited � girl to our party.

8. � child knows this rule.

9. You can visit � sanatorium. Both of them are good.

10. � passes the exams � term.

11. Which cake would you like? I don�t know. � cake looks tasty.

12. Rachel likes � child in her group.

13. � child should behave mannerly.

14. � cafe in this town is very clean and cosy.

15. � boy is accurate. You should teach them some manners.

EXERCISE III.

Here there are quantitative adjectives: some, any, no, little, few, many, much, one, twenty.

Complete the following sentences using the words above.

1. � sugar was put in the pie.

2. � people were standing at the entrance.

3. Is there � milk left? I don�t know.

4. There was � time for the consultation.

5. We haven�t � coffee this time.

6. He didn�t make � mistakes as a rule.

7. I haven�t � apples this year. The winter was too cold.

8. These was only � man standing there.

9. We didn�t see there � new buildings.

10. Very � cars are in the streets at this time.

11. They have � new materials to show at the conference.

12. Ann has � pets at home. Her parents are against them.

13. He is so upset because of that frost. There will be very � plums in his orchid.

14. We wanted to buy that book but we had ... money on us.

15. Pamela usually drinks � coffee. She prefers tea.

16. Very � people know about it.

17. There are � new cameras in this shop.

18. We must hurry. We haven�t � time.

19. They haven�t � puppies now. They sold three of them yesterday.

20. There were � students in his group.

EXERCISE IV.

Here we have possessive adjectives: my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their.

Fill in the missing words from the list above.

1. A happy dog wages � tail.

2. The girls are here with � father.

3. We can show you � room. We have redecorated it.

4. Tom took � hand and led Mary to the ball room.

5. You can see � book has been published already and here is � sample.

6. The cat washed � paws and looked at � master.

7. Sheila gathered all � belongings and left the house.

8. David looked at � hands then at � father and sighed.

9. We don�t have � own villa.We just rent this one.

10. Have you washed � car this week? It�s too dirty.

11. They saw � tests and were very happy to see good marks.

12. Where is � new hat ? I�ve just put it here.

13. Ann looked happily at � ring with a lovely saphire and laughed.

14. Jack is so happy. Everybody saw � new car

15. Did you see � fur coat? I bought it yesterday.

16. A small puppy stood unsteady on � trembling legs.

17. Did you see � new flat ? I�ve bought it last year.

18. We sold � old car and are going to buy a new one.

19. She showed � new bicycle and we rode it together.

20. Did you see � Dad there? He was looking for you.

EXERCISE V.

Here are the adjectives of quality: clever, wet, thin, silver, bad, light, fat, golden, dry, good, heavy; size: big, small, tall, large; age: new, old, young; temperature: cool, cold, warm, hot; shape: square, round, oval, colour: blue, red, green; origin: a Swiss watch, an Eng�lish fox, a Japanese camera.

Fill in the missing words-one word in each space.

1. The girl is very � for her age.

2. He looked at � leaves which covered the yard as the thick carpet.

3. The ball was � and � He took it and threw away.

4. It was a � spring day!

5. She looked at this with � � eyes and then started to cry quietly.

6. A big � table was in the middle of the dining room.

7. The farmers looked happily at � pigs lying near the gate.

8. He took these photos with his � and � son.

9. It was really a great view. � and � leaves of the trees excited me in autumn.

10. Rachel looked very happy having bought six � spoons.

11. Her � face looked nice in the frame of � curls.

12. The day was rather � and everybody tried to hide in the shade.

13. She bought a nice � summer dress and it looked smart.

14. In autumn the weather is � and �

15. The box was � and � and it was all covered with dust.

16. Ann looked � and � and Fred understood that she had grown up.

17. They carried two � suitcases and were looking for a porter.

18. They bought a � handbag for her as the birthday present.

19 � cameras are supposed to be the best in the world.

20. The boy was rather � and �

EXERCISE VI.

You see here compound adjectives formed with participles.

A candle-lit table, a horse drawn cart, a long playing record, cross-eyed, flat-chested, hard (kind) hearted, open-minded, quick-witted, slow-footed.

Compound adjectives of measurements: a three year old boy, a hun�dred year old building, a two-litre jar, a four-hour meeting, a six-foot hole, a ?10 T-shirt, a ten minute walk, a three hour journey, a first rate film, a second hand car, a third floor flat, a nineteenth century novel.

Fill in the missing words from the list above.

1. He came in, looked at a � table and sighed.

2. It was his favourite � record.

3. Since her childhood she was always �

4. He liked this � building most of all.

5. The � meeting made him tired.

6. It was just a � walk but he felt refreshed.

7. He bought a � car for his own needs.

8. � novels interest me most of all.

9. This film is really a � film.

10. He always buys � T-shirts here.

11. She took � jar and gave it to her sister.

12. In Riga there are three � houses which are called �brothers�.

13. A small fox lived in � hole.

14. It was a long � sea voyage and Rebecca felt exhausted.

15. �The Titanic� is � film It has become so popular.

16. We bought � flat in a new district.

17. Don�t buy any � cars. It�s such a trouble.

18. I�m so fond of Jane Austine. I really love � novels.

19. It was a tall � man with a broken nose.

20. I don�t like � records. They irritate me.

21. Jolly is always so � . She is really sweet.

22. Barry is a rather � boy and he is the best in chess.

23. She took her � and left the room. She poured some orange juice into it.

24. It was a deep � and it was dark inside it.

25. Never buy � cars. You�ll be repairing them all the time.

EXERCISE VII.

Here we have some comparisons:

twice as much (many) � ��

half as much (many) � ��

three times as much (many) � ��

half as much again � � ��

half the width of (half as wide as) � ��

half the price of (half as much as) � ��

half the height of (half as high as) � ��

half the length of (half as long as) � ��

�� one third the height of

� �� one fifth the length of

�� four books more

�� two pages less

Translate into English the expressions in the gaps:

1. This river is (�� ) as that one.

2. We earn (�� ) as Tom does.

3. This dress is (� �� ) as ours.

4. Our house is (�� ) as yours.

5. This path is (�� ) as that one.

6. These grapes are (�� ). I advise you to buy them.

7. These cherries are (�� ) as those ones.

8. George is (�� ) as his sister is.

9. This ocean is (�� ) as that one.

10. The lake we saw there was (�� ) as that one.

11. Our library has (�� ).

12 This book is (�� ).

13. Their villa is (�� ) as ours.

14. This lake is (�� ) as that one in the forest.

15. This flat is (� �� ) as yours.

EXERCISE VIII.

Translate the following sentences into English.

1. ֳ �� .

2. �� .

3. �� , �� .

4. �� .

5. �� .

6. �� .

7. � �� .

8. � �� .

9. �� .

10. �� . �� .

11. �� .

12. �� .

13. �� , �� .

14. �� .

15. �� .

16. �� .

17. �� .

18. ��, �� .

19. �� , �� .

20. �� . �� .

21. �� , �� .

22. �� XVIII ��.

23. �� , � �� .

24. ֳ �� .

25. �� .

26. �� .

27. �� .

28. �� .

29. �� .

30. �� , �� .

31. ֳ �� .

32. �� .

33. ̳� �� .

34. �� .

35. �� .

36. ֳ �� .

37. �� , �� .

38. �� .

39. �� .

40. �� .

EXERCISE IX.

Usual comparatives or superlatives with one or two syllable adjec-tives usually have the suffixes � er; � est. Comparatives or superla-tives with three or more syllable adjectives can be formed with the help of more and the most. We use the + comparative to talk about a change in one thing which causes in something else. For example: The higher our wages are, the better our standard of living.

Write comparative and superlative forms.

Old, pretty, young, cold, cheap, big, fat, thin, large, hot, wet, funny, good, bad, far, small, long, lazy, warm, dark, short, hea-

vy, easy, difficult, important, intelligent, beautiful, expensive, strong, interesting, famous, comfortable, nervous, happy, sweet, high, tall.

EXERCISE X.

Choose the correct form in the brackets.

1. It was � joke I�ve ever heard (funny, funnier, the funniest).

2. This task is � than that one (simple, simpler, the simplest).

3. John looks � in his class (young, younger, the youngest).

4. Today is � than yesterday (warm, warmer, the warmest).

5. February is � month of the year (cold, colder, the coldest).

6. Monaco is � than Luxembourg (small, smaller, the smallest).

7. My suitcase is � than yours (heavy, heavier, the heaviest).

8. Today is � than yesterday (hot, hotter, the hottest).

9. She is � in math than I am (smart, smarter, the smartest).

10. This pillow feels � than that one (soft, softer, the softest).

11. Bob is � than John (tall, taller, the tallest).

12. It is � place on the Earth. That�s why I love it so much (quiet, quieter, the quitest).

13. Today he feels � than yesterday (strong, stronger, the stron-

gest).

14. This road is � than the old one. It�s better not to choose it (long, longer, the longest).

15. You see, that this line is � (short, shorter, the shortest).

16. Where is � shop (near, nearer, the nearest)?

17. She is � person I�ve ever known (kind, kinder, the kindest).

18. Here the climate is � than in Canada (mild, milder, the mil-

dest).

19. Sam is � than George and always relies on him (lazy, lazier, the laziest).

20. Rachel looks � of all now. What�s happened (angry, angrier, the angriest)?

21. We are � people in the world. We have got it (happy, happier, the happiest).

EXERCISE XI.

Put the adjectives in brackets into the correct form.

1. This road was � than that one (dangerous).

2. The picture I had seen there was one of � pictures in the world (beautiful).

3. This film is � than that we saw yesterday (interesting).

4. Black is �this year than white (fashionable).

5. I think Bill is � boy in our group (intelligent).

6. This test is really � than the previous one (difficult).

7. She is � person I�ve ever met (romantic).

8. It is one of � resorts in the world (wonderful).

9. The cat is � than a cow (curious).

10. This opera was � performance I had heard recently (wonderful).

11. This cake is � than that one we tasted yesterday (delicious).

12. His mission was � mission one could imagine (dangerous).

13. It was one of � tasks. But we succeeded in it (difficult).

14. Alfred Nobel was one of � people in the history of mankind (interesting).

15. This evening dress is � than that one (romantic).

16. This child is one of � children in his class (curious).

17. This model is supposed to be one of � girls in our agency (beautiful).

18. Dogs are � than bulls.They understand human speech (intelli-gent).

19. � colour this year is green (fashionable).

20. The last test at my written exam was � (difficult).

EXERCISE XII.

We use more and the most for adjectives ending in � ed, if they have one syllable:

Fill in the following sentences using an appropriate form of the adjective:

1. He was � than he felt one of these days (tired).

2. Bob was � person in the room (surprised).

3. This room was � than the hall (crowded).

4. They were � than the others (amused).

5. Tom was � person I have ever met (annoyed).

6. I looked at her face and it was � bored face I had ever seen (bored).

7. They were � people than we supposed (tired).

8. He felt � than ever (bored).

9. She had � face I have ever seen (surprised).

10. It � hall because all the tickets had been sold and people were even sitting on the floor (crowded).

11. She is now � than ever (surprised).

12. He is always � when he listens to the classical music than when he listens to the jazz (bored).

13. They look � than before. What has happened? (annoyed).

14. After such a long day I felt � than I was yesterday (tired).

15. The hall is � than ever. Let�s go out (crowded).

16. Janice was � than surprised (amused).

EXERCISE XIII.

With the following adjectives we usually use � er and � the est but more and the most can also be used on occasion:

Clever, polite, narrow, stupid, pleasant, common, handsome.

Complete the sentences below using comparative and superlative degrees of adjectives from the list above:

1. The weather seems to be � this year than it was last year.

2. This road is � than a new one.

3. Kathy is � in her group.

4. He is one of � people I have ever met.

5. It was � I did in my life.

6. This path is � than the old one.

7. Professor N. is one of � of our university.

8. Dogs are � than hens.

9. It was � day in my life.

10. It was � to go there alone.

11. Here is � place of the river.

12. Sheila is one of � students of the faculty.

13. I wish I had never done this. It was one of � things I have ever done.

14. Duke Vilnov is one of � persons we have ever met.

15. This music was � I have ever heard.

EXERCISE XIV.

The consonant doubles in the comparative and superlative forms of these adjectives:

Big, fat, sad, thin, hot, flat, wet.

Fill in the blank with the correct form of the adjective from the list above:

1. The farmer decided to sell his � pig.

2. I think it was � day of the year. It had been raining cats and dogs.

3. July is supposed to be � month of the year.

4. It was his � mistake. He knew that.

5. She looked even � than yesterday.

6. This carp looks � than the pike.

7. This book is � than the new one.

8. It is always � in summer than in spring.

9. This cake is � than that one. I�d like a � one.

10. She looks as � person in the world. She never smiles.

11. This is � territory over here. There is not even a small hill around.

12. That old bear looks � than the young one.

13. It is raining cats and dogs. I think it is � day of the year.

14. Today is � than yesterday. I hope it is Indian Summer.

15. This rabbit looks � than that one. It is really too thin.

Note! We use the + adjective to talk about abstract ideas, e.g. the new, the unknown, the absurd;

EXERCISE XV.

Here you have some irregular comparative and superlative forms of adjectives:

Good � better � the best; bad � worse � the worst; little � less � the least; little(size) � smaller � the smallest; far � far-ther(further) � the farthest(the furthest); old � older � the old-est(age); elder � the eldest(in the family); many(much) � more � the most; ill � worse � the worst;

Complete the following sentences with the comparatives and su-perlatives. The first has been done for you:

1. She looks very little. She is even smaller than I thought.

2. George is one of � students in his group.

3. Mr. Kincey is one of � people in the country.

4. Josh is � than his brothers.

5. We knew that he lives in � district.

6. Julia is � talented than Robert.

7. It was one of � regions in the North Pole.

8. We think it was � day of our life.

9. They have � water on the Earth now and soon it will be a problem.

10. My Dad looks � than his friends and I think it�s great.

11. There are � students this year than it was last year.

12. Who is � in your family?

13. Mona looks � in her class and she suffers from it.

14. His � brother won a gold medal in the World Championship.

15. This castle is � building in this area.

EXERCISE XVI.

Correct the mistakes if there are any:

1. There are many snow this year.

2. We haven�t bought much new armchairs for this office.

3. There many as twice trees in this park is than in that one.

4. This student is a smartest at her faculty.

5. It was the crowdiest room at that building.

6. This fish is fater and biger than that one.

7. Is this really the baddest day of your life?

8. They have the bettest collection of stamps in the city.

9. I think I am the tiredest person today.

10. This emerald looks beautifullier than that one.

EXERCISE XVII.

Write the opposite of the following adjectives and change the sen-tences:

1. Linda has a very smart figure.

2. Bob is very fat and wants to loose weight.

3. This book is thicker than that one.

4. The building of a new theatre is the largest in the city.

5. Today is the hottest day of the year.

6. This pond is very wide and the water in it is very pure.

7. Nelly is the kindest person I�ve ever known.

8. Tim is an early riser and wakes everybody up.

9. It was a very hard work, but we managed to do it.

10. Andy has a wonderful collection of stamps.

EXERCISE XVIII.

Put the adjectives in the correct order:

1. There high were mountains in that area.

2. Deep the river was very and we were afraid to dive.

3. Tammy bought a dress lovely.

4. The deer sniffed the air fresh and looked around.

5. They had five tests difficult, but they managed to do them.

6. Intelligent the elephant is a very animal.

7. It dangerous was a very climb in the Ands.

8. My suitcase heavy was very and we took a porter.

9. Fashionable that villa was and we decided to buy it.

10. The rainy and cold day was, so Peggy took our umbrella.

EXERCISE XIX.

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. �� , �� -�e�� .

2. ��, �� .

3. �� 쒿 ��.

4. �� , �� .

5. �� , �� .

6. �� -��.

7. �� , �� . �� .

8. �� , �� .

9. �� .

10. �� , �� .

11. �� , �� .

12. �� , �� .

13. ³� �� , �� .

14. �� . �� .

15. �� . � �� .

16. �� .

17. �� .

18. �� . �� .

19. � �� .

20. �� , �� .

EXERCISE XX.

Note: We change the meaning of the adjectives to negative by add-ing PREFIXES � un; � im; � in; � il; or a SUFFIX � less;

Fill in the blanks with the opposite form of the adjective in the gaps:

1. Nora was very ---------------- (happy).

2. His visits are always --------------- (expected).

3. This transaction is supposed to be ------------- (legal).

4. I hate my sofa. It is so ----------- (comfortable).

5. We are in trouble because this is an ----------- (possible) situation.

6. Looking at this she became more and more -------------- (patient).

7. Tom�s lokes are always ------------------- (pleasant).

8. Jane�s behaviour was rather --------------- (polite).

9. That was an --------------- (probable) possibility for her.

10. Larry is always so ------------ (responsible).

EXERCISE XXI

Change the following nouns into adjectives:

1. This senator is very ------------------- in politics (action).

2. Lorna was an ------------------ woman (to attract).

3. That was a -------------------- question (reason).

4. Pavarotti has a very ----------- voice (beauty).

5. The situation was rather ------------- (mystery).

6. John is a ----------------- fellow (man).

7. That was a ---------------- research (science).

8. The explanation was rather ------------- (logic).

9. The children saw a ------------ mountain at a distance (height).

10. Ben�s voice sounded ------------- (anger).

EXRCISE XXII.

Make the derivatives from the following nouns and verbs:

1. Miroshnychenko is a ------------------- singer (profession).

2. This plumber is rather ---------------- for this job (qualification).

3. My brother is a very ---------------- person (ambition).

4. The behaviour of this man was rather ----------- (to suspect).

5. Emily likes to read ---------------- novels (history).

6. I really hate my -------------------- routine (day).

7. He made a very ------------- invention (to use).

8. His marks are --------------- (to satisfy).

9. Moira is a very ---------------- young lady (to communicate).

10. We all are in a very ------------ situation (drama).

EXERCISE XXIII.

Put in the missing words from the box:

More wonderful, the, wonderful, tender, each, the nicest, more tired, nice, were, two hour journey, green roof, picturesque, small, his, my

One of (1) � friends, Harry James by name went to the country to visit his relatives. (2) � uncle George lived in a (3) � resort town at the foot of the mountain. It was a very (4) � place with a lot of small (5) � houses. Harry drove carefully and after a (6) � he was there. An uncle and his wife (7) � glad to see Harry. But Harry felt he was (8) � than ever and went to sleep a little. When he woke up he looked out of the window and saw a (9) � bed of roses. It was (10) � pic-ture he had ever seen in his life. (11) � rose was as beautiful as a miracle. Their (12) � petals were open to the sun. Harry went outside and smelt (13) � flowers. They smelt (14) � Even (15) � than he supposed.

EXERCISE XXIV.

Choose the correct answer:

1. On weekends the streets are practically empty. There are � people in the streets.

a) little; b) few; c) a few; d) a little.

2. Add � sugar in my coffee. It�s too bitter.

a) few; b) little; c) a few; d) a little.

3. There is � in the hall. It is empty.

a) somebody; b) anybody; c) nobody; d) something.

4. Is there � on the bottom of the bottle?

a) something; b) anything; c) anybody; d) nobody.

5. We saw � on the top of the hill and turned away..

a) nobody; b) someone; c) somebody; d) anybody.

6. This tree is � than all these trees in the park.

a) the tallest; b) taller; c) tall; d) the most tallest.

7. Robert is � boy in the class and everybody admires him.

a) more intel-ligent; b) the most in-telligent; c) intelli-genter; d) intelligent.

8. Have you read this book? It is � book I have ever read.

a) boring; b) more bo-

ring; c) the most boring; d) boringer.

9. As you know this test is � than the previous one.

a) the most difficult; b) difficultier; c) more diffi-cult; d) difficult.

10. During the visit of President Clinton all the streets were �

a) crowded; b) more crow�ded; c) the most crowded.

EXERCISE XXV.

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. ֳ �� , � �� .

2. �� , � �� .

3. �� .

4. � �� .

5. � �� .

6. �� , � �� .

7. �� .

8. �� .

9. �� . ��, �� .

10. �� .

11. �� , �� .

12. �� , � �� .

13. �� , � � �� , �� .

14. �� .

15. �� .

16. �� .

17. �� .

18. �� .

19. �� .

20. �� .

21. �� .

22. �� .

23. � �� , �� -�� .

24. �� . � �� .

25. �� .

26. �� . �� .

27. �� .

28. � �� .

29. �� , �� .

30. �� .

31. �� , �� .

32. �� .

33. �� .

34. �� .

35. �� .

ADJECTIVES

TEST I

TASK I.

Give the comparative and the superlative degree of the following adjectives:

Large, long, nice, deep, fine, thin, dark, good, active, hot, low, slow, dry, big, bad, far, neat, warm, messy, cold, high, tremendous, kind, difficult, short, sad, beautiful, comfortable, busy, young, wet, expensive, strong, ugly, smart, popular, new, cheap.

TASK II.

Choose the correct answer.

1. � hair was long and curly and she was proud of it very much.

a) his; b) our; c) their; d) her.

2. He added � milk into his tea and started to sip it.

a) any; b) no; c) some; d) one.

3. They didn�t make � mistakes in their compositions.

a) some; b) any; c) many; d) no.

4. At our university � student ought to take written exams.

a) every; b) each; c) either; d) neither.

5. Bob is always so �He is always forgetting everything.

a) kind hear�ted; b) open-minded; c) cross-

eyed; d) absent-minded.

6. It was really a � summer day and he enjoyed the warmth of the sun.

a) cold; b) hot; c) cool; d) warm.

7. Where did you get � T � shirts? I want to buy the same.

a) this; b) those; c) that; d) these.

8. Do you see � man near the hill?

a) this; b) those; c) that; d) these.

9. � is supposed to be one of the best and most expensive pre-sents.

a) a Japanese watch; b) a Chinese watch; c) a Korean watch; d) a Swiss watch.

10. It was a very nice � of Victorian style..

a) ten hundred year old; b) one year old; c) a hundred year old; d) ten year old.

TASK III.

Choose the correct answer:

1. Our flat is � than theirs and we want to redecorate it.

a) large; b) larger; c) the largest.

2. Their test was � than ours. We had been doing it for three hours.

a) easy; b) easier; c) the easiest.

3. The Nile is � than the Dnieper.

a) long; b) longer; c) the longest.

4. My brother is � than his sister.

a) old; b) older; c) the oldest.

5. The Baikal is � lake on the planet.

a) deep; b) deeper; c) the deepest.

6. Pluto is � planet from the sun in the solar system.

a) far; b) farther; c) the farthest.

7. He is one of � parents I have ever known.

a) good; b) better; c) the best.

8. Helen is one of � models in this agency.

a) pretty; b) prettier; c) the prettiest.

9. It was one of � days in his life.

a) bad; b) worse; c) the worst.

10. Autumn is really one of � seasons of the year.

a) wet; b) wetter; c) the wettest.

TASK IV.

Choose the correct answer:

1. This sofa is � than that one.

a) comfortable; b) more comfortable; c) the most comfortable.

2. Our uncle is � person I have ever met.

a) intelligent; b) more intelligent; c) the most intelligent.

3. This view is � than that one.

a) beautiful; b) more beautiful; c) the most beautiful.

4. This is � adventure we have ever had.

a) interesting; b) more interesting; c) the most interesting.

5. Their test is � than ours.

a) difficult; b) more difficult; c) the most difficult.

6. His mission was � than all the previous ones.

a) dangerous; b) more dangerous; c) the most dangerous.

7. These dictionaries are � for long distance journeys.

a) convenient; b) more convenient ; c) the most convenient.

8. This dress is � than yours.

a) fashionable; b) more fashionable; c) the most fashionable.

9. Julia Roberts is one of � actresses in the world.

a) famous; b) more famous; c) the most famous.

10. This picture is � than his new ones.

a) expensive; b) more expensive; c) the most expensive.

TASK V.

Choose the correct answer:

1. She is � today than she was yesterday.

a) more tired; b) tired; c) the most tired.

2. This street is � than the street near my house.

a) narrow; b) more narrow, (narrower); c) the narrowest, (the most narrow).

3. Sonia was � person in the dining room.

a) surprised; b) more surprised; c) the most surprised.

4. Jill is � than her brother is.

a) clever b) cleverer (more clever); c) the most clever (the cleverest).

5. He was � as usual and paced the room.

a) annoyed; b) more annoyed; c) the most annoyed.

6. This model is � girl I have ever seen.

a) pleasant; b) more pleasant (pleasanter); c) the pleasantest (the most pleasant).

7. We were � people in the room.

a) amused; b) more amused; c) the most amused.

8. Today he was � than yesterday.

a) polite; b) politer (more po-lite); c) the most polite (the politest).

9. Watching this film she was � than ever.

a) bored; b) more bored; c) the most bored.

10. The situation was � than before and he didn�t know what to do.

a) stupid; b) more stupid (stu-pider); c) the stupidest (the most stupid).

TASK VI.

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. �� , � � �� .

2. �� , � �� .

3. �� , � �� .

4. �� 򳺿 �� .

5. �� .

6. �� , �� .

7. ֳ �� , � � �� .

8. ��, �� , �� .

9. �� .

10. �� .

11. ³� �� , �� .

12. �� , �� .

13. �� , �� .

14. �� .

15. �� , �� -��.

TASK VII.

Fill in the necessary words like two room flat:

1. I needed a � for this purpose. I wanted to take some water into it.

a) two litre jar; b) one room flat; c) first rate film.

2. John prepared � for this romantic dinner.

a) a two room flat; b) a second hand car; c) a candle-lit table.

3. Linda was a tall � girl with dark blue eyes and curly hair.

a) cross-eyed; b) open-minded; c) flat-chested.

4. He was a very smart � boy. He was the best in doing sums.

a) quick � witted; b) slow � footed; c) cross � eyed.

5. It was really � with the world famous film stars.

a) a second hand car; b) a third floor flat; c) a first rate film.

6. We had a tiring � and felt exhausted.

a) three day journey; b) a ten minute walk; c) a second floor flat.

7. They saw a deep � and started climbing there carefully.

a) six � foot hole; b) a two � litre jar; c) a first � rate film.

8. She took her favourite � and started to read.

a) ten minute walk; b) three hour journey; c) nineteenth cen-tury novel.

9. It was a nice � with very beautiful stained glass windows.

a) hundred year old building; b) ten minute walk; c) two litre jar.

10. Last week we bought an old � record and enjoyed the music very much.

a) horse drawn cart; b) long playing record; c) three litre jar.

TASK VIII.

Choose the correct answer:

1. It was really one of � days of the year. It was raining cats and dogs.

a) cold; b) the wettest; c) the best.

2. The day was � than yesterday. We were hot and tired.

a) colder; b) hotter; c) the hottest.

3. They decided to buy a � flat because the family had grown.

a) bigger; b) smaller; c) the biggest.

4. He bought � pig and brought it to his farm.

a) fat; b) fatter; c) the fattest.

5. She said that it was � day in her life.

a) sad; b) sadder; c) the saddest.

6. The sole is � than the pike.

a) flat; b) flatter; c) the flattest.

7. This piece of cake is � Give it to Tom.

a) big; b) bigger; c) the biggest.

8. My book is � than yours.

a) thin; b) thinner; c) the thinnest.

TASK IX.

Put in the missing words from the box:

Long, the tastiest, the purest, larger, the brightest, different, the tastiest, the purest, farther, the nicest, the most beautiful, more sur-prised, higher, nearer, smaller

The island looked (1) � from the distance. Coming (2) � we saw a large meadow near the shore and a lot of trees one (3) � than the other. We were (4) � than ever when we saw these bright sunny col-ours of lovely flowers and grass and exotic plants. It seemed to be (5) � place on the Earth. We smelt the air and flowers (6) � smell of the land and jungle. Just a little (7) � we saw a small stream with a cas-cade of tiny waterfalls with (8) � water in the world. We started drinking it and couldn�t stop because it seemed to be (9) � drink. We looked around and saw (10) � kinds of fruits growing everywhere. All (11) � colours we saw there looking at these fruits. We started picking them into our baskets which were (12) � than usual ones. We filled our barrels with this (13) � and � water and sailed to the ship. We had now food and water for a (14) � time.

TASK X.

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. ֳ �� .

2. �� .

3. �� .

4. � �� .

5. �� .

6. �� .

7. �� .

8. �� . �� .

9. � �� .

10. ³� �� .

11. �� , �� , �� .

12. �� .

13. �� .

14. �� .

15. �� .

ADJECTIVES

TEST I�

TASK I.

Give the comparative and the superlative degrees of the following adjectives:

Cheap, slow, dry, big fat, shallow, neat, warm, new, fine, bad, thin, deep, large, nice, long, dark, good, low, active, far, messy, cold, bright, high, kind, short, sad, busy, young, wet, strong, ugly, smart, popular, tremendous, difficult, beautiful, expensive, intelligent.

TASK II.

Choose the correct answer:

1. � clothes are always neat and well ironed. He always looks smart.

a) her; b) our; c) his; d) its.

2. I have � apples in the basket. We shall have them for dinner.

a) no; b) any; c) one; d) some.

3. � girl in your group can go in for sports.

a) either; b) each; c) neither; d) no.

4. Sally is too � She always lends her money to everybody.

a) absent-min�ded; b) cross-eyed; c) open-min�ded; d) kind hearted.

5. They met on a � summer day and went to the beach.

a) cold; b) hot; c) cool; d) warm.

6. She doesn�t have � friends. She feels too lonely.

a) any; b) many; c) much; d) a lot of.

7. Where have you left � coat? Can you remind it?

a) our; b) their; c) my; d) your.

8. We saw � ship disappearing in the horizon.

a) that; b) these; c) those; d) this.

9. He bought a very expensive � because it was the best camera in the shop.

a) Japanese camera; b) Russian camera; c) Ukrainian camera; d) English camera.

10. He was always a � boy and guessed all the puzzles.

a) kind- hearted b) open- minded c) slow- footed d) quick-witted

TASK III.

Choose the correct answer:

1. His house is � than ours and we want to buy a new one.

a) old; b) older; c) the oldest.

2. The Mississippi is � river of the USA.

a) large; b) larger; c) the largest.

3. Today is � than it was yesterday and we shall take our coats.

a) cool; b) cooler; c) the coolest.

4. This lake is � than that in the mountains.

a) deep; b) deeper; c) the deepest.

5. My sister is � in our family.

a) old; b) older; c) the oldest.

6. Sally is � pupil in the class.

a) smart; b) smarter; c) the smartest.

7. This work is � than that one.

a) bad; b) worse; c) the worst.

8. It was � day in her life.

a) sad; b) sadder; c) the saddest.

9. Dogs are � than ducks.

a) clever; b) cleverer; c) the cleverest.

10. This castle is one of � in our country.

a) old; b) older; c) the oldest.

TASK IV.

Choose the correct answer:

1. She is one of � models in her agency.

a) beautiful; b) more beautiful; c) the most beautiful.

2. These small dictionaries are � for travels than big ones.

a) convenient; b) more convenient; c) the most convenient.

3. Sharks are � than carps.

a) intelligent; b) more intelligent; c) the most intelligent.

4. She is one of � people I have ever met.

a) active; b) more active; c) the most active.

5. This film was � than the film we had watched the day before.

a) interesting; b) more interesting; c) the most interesting.

6. The last adventure was � and we were glad that we left alive.

a) dangerous; b) more dangerous; c) the most dangerous.

7. Merylin Monroe was one of � actresses in the world.

a) popular; b) more popular; c) the most popular.

8. My new flat is � than yours.

a) comfortable; b) more comfortable; c) the most comfort-able.

9. It was � skirt at the party.

a) fashionable; b) more fashionable; c) the most fashion-able.

10. His shoes are � than his brother�s.

a) expensive; b) more expensive; c) the most expensive.

TASK V.

Choose the correct answer:

1. While working he got � than before.

a) the most tired; b) tired; c) more tired.

2. The lane opposite our house is � than that one on the left.

a) narrower (more narrow); b) narrow; c) narrowest (the most narrow.

3. He thought that it was � situation.

a) stupid; b) more stupid (stu-pider); c) the stupidest (the most stupid).

4. Dan was � than he was yesterday.

a) more surprised; b) surprised; c) the most surprised.

5. Jan is � in his group.

a) cleverer (more clever); b) clever; c) the cleverest (the most clever).

6. That day was � than all the other days.

a) the pleasantest (the most pleasant); b) pleasant; c) pleasanter (more pleasant).

7. They were � in the room.

a) more amused; b) amused; c) the most amused.

8. She was one of � people I have ever met.

a) politer (more po-lite); b) polite; c) the politest) the most polite).

9. Reading this novel Rachel was � than ever.

a) bored; b) more bored; c) the most bored.

10. Dan was � than yesterday and grumbled something.

a) the most annoyed; b) annoyed; c) more annoyed.

TASK VI.

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. �� , � �� .

2. Գ��, �� , �� ��.

3. �� 쒿.

4. �� . �� .

5. �� (Jupiter) � �� .

6. �� .

7. �� , � � �� .

8. �� , �� .

9. �� .

10. �� , �� .

11. �� .

12. �� .

13. �� , �� -��.

14. �� .

15. �� , �� .

TASK VII.

Fill in the necessary words like two room flat:

1. He was a tall � fellow with broad shoulders and long legs.

a) flat-chested; b) cross-eyed; c) grey-haired.

2. This castle is � building and we need a lot of money to re-store it.

�) a modern; b) an old; c) a four hundred year old.

3. It was a nice � made of silver with ornaments on it.

a) floor; b) glass; c) two litre jar.

4. Dan bought a � to train his skills in driving.

a) spoon; b) needle; c) second hand car.

5. It was � and we got tired very much.

a) long walk; b) voyage; c) a two hour walk.

6. Waterworld� is supposed to be � and it got a lot of awords.

a) a play; b) a nice performance; c) a first rate film.

7. She saw � in the restaurant and looked at him gratefully.

a) flowers; b) a gold chain; c) a candle-lit table.

8. Her son was � and was rather naughty.

a) a good boy; b) an obedient boy; c) a three year old boy.

9. The rabbit lived in a � and it was so deep that we couldn�t see it.

�) forest; b) in the bush; c) five-foot hole.

10. Jane was a nice � woman with dark blue eyes.

a) broad shouldered; b) flat-chested; c) kind hearted.

TASK VIII.

Choose the correct answer:

1. It was really � day of the year. The sun was pitiless.

a) the coldest; b) the nicest; c) the hottest.

2. This scientific journal is � than the magazine you have here.

a) thin; b) thinner; c) the thinnest.

3. That was � suitcase I have ever seen.

a) big; b) bigger; c) the biggest.

4. I think this fish was � than that one.

a) flat; b) the flattest; c) flatter.

5. We saw � pig on this farm.

a) fatter; b) fat; c) the fattest.

6. October is one of � months of the year.

a) wet; b) the wettest; c) wetter.

7. Her face was � than yesterday and she was weeping.

a) sadder; b) sad; c) the saddest.

8. It�s raining heavily. It is one of � days this week.

a) the wettest; b) wet; c) wetter.

TASK IX.

Put in the missing words from the box:

The most beautiful, the sunniest, the greatest, wonderful, earlier, hotter, full, more curious, the most famous, soup, order, nice, later, higher, higher, the brightest, hotter

So we stood on the bank of the Loch Lomond one of (1) � lakes in Scotland. The day was (2) � than yesterday and we were going to the Highlands. My friend John said that it was (3) � day he had ever seen. We moved (4) � and (5) � and two hours later we stopped in the mountain valley near a (6) � restaurant. We came in and chose a table and John made an (7) � It was lunch time so we ordered some (8) � and in the menu we saw (9) � Scottish dish. It was haggis. I have heard a lot about this dish so I became (10) � When the dish was served I saw a big plate (11) � of mashed potatoes, carrots, cab-bages and onions with minced heart, lung and liver of sheep. It was (12) � than I thought and rather spicy. In general it tasted (13) � When we finished our lunch we decided to look around. We left the restaurant and came to a nice mountain river which looked (14) � than from the distance. We made some photos and decided to come home (15) � The view was (16) � It was one of (17) � views I had ever seen. John said that it was (18) � day for the last sixty years.

TASK X.

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. �� .

2. �� -�� .

3. �� .

4. � �� .

5. ³� �� .

6. �� .

7. �� ? � �� .

8. �� .

9. � �� .

10. �� .

11. �� .

12. �� .

13. �� .

14. �� .

15. �� 򳺿.

Adverbs

EXERCISE I.

Fill in adverbs or adjectives where necessary:

1. This roof looks (dangerous, dangerously) broken. We are repair-ing it.

2. She came (quiet, quietly) in and tiptoed to the baby.

3. John is a (careful, carefully) driver.

4. She laughed (happy, happily) when she heard it.

5. They miss their Motherland (terrible, terribly).

6. The car was damaged (bad, badly).

7. Mary is (serious, seriously) ill.

8. The doctor came (immediate, immediately).

9. She is always (quickly, quick) in taking decisions.

10. The day is really dull. It is raining (heavy, heavily).

EXERCISE II.

Here we have sentence adverbs, which give an opinion or atti-tude.

Fortunately, luckily, possibly, probably, actually, of course, in fact, surely, obviously, in my opinion, perhaps, evidently, maybe, undoubt-edly, clearly, frankly, honestly, naturally, officially, to my mind, ac-cordingly.

Use them in the sentences below.

1. � he came in t he time to get on the train.

2. � she won�t return the money so I need to borrow some.

3. � they brought the dictionaries and it was easy to translate the texts.

4. � you buy these stamps for his new collection and he won�t need buying the same ones.

5. � he is lying. He is always lying.

6. � they are to come in time there.

7. � Bob and I have been true friends for 20 years.

8. � it is the best view I�ve ever seen.

9. � she will bring all the necessary materials and cards.

10. � he will bring the kids home in time.

EXERCISE III.

Here we have the adverbs which have the same form as adjec-tives.

Fast, hard, high, low, deep, long, late, straight, early, well, often, daily, hourly, weekly, monthly, yearly, enough, far, ill, little, pretty, right, still, wrong.

Best, better, big, cheap, clean, close, cold, dead, deep, direct, dirty, easy, extra, far, fine, free, farther, inside, kindly, past, quick, quiet, slow, sure, thin, thick, tight, well, wide, etc.

Those adverbs, which are underlined can be found with � ly ending without a difference in meaning, but then they are more formal.

Example: Walk slow! (informal).

Walk slowly! (formal).

Choose the adjective or adverb:

1. We know Tom is always a � driver (fast, fastly).

2. He feels very � (good, well).

3. They always look � (fine, finely).

4. The flowers smell � (wonderfully, wonderful).

5. This dinner tastes � (awful, awfully).

6. He was � impressed (deep, deeply).

7. The meeting lasted too � (long, longly).

8. It was a � magazine (monthly, month).

9. She was in a � spirit (low, lowly).

10. It was � for them to do this (hard, hardly).

11. This music sounds too � ( loud, loudly). Will you be so kind to stop it, please.

12. Marion looks � (good, well). She has been dieting for three months.

13. The painting seems � ( beautiful, beautifully). Will you buy it?

14. Our children get � ( angry, angrily), when they see this mess.

15. Mrs. Jameson became � ( sad, sadly) hearing that.

Note! The verbs to feel, to look, to taste, to appeal, to be, to be-come, to go, to get, to seem, to stay, to sound and to smell always take adjectives and never take adverbs.

EXERCISE IV.

Some adverbs change the meaning completely when they have �ly forms.

Short � shortly = soon; direct � directly = very soon, immediately; high � highly = very; most � mostly = mainly; near � nearly = almost; late � lately = recently; hardly ever = almost never; pretty = very; hardly, barely = almost not; deep � deeply = greatly; easy � easily = without difficulties; free � freely = without restrictions; complete � com-pletely = absolutely; last � lastly = finally; pretty � prettily = in a pretty way; sure � surely = without doubt; wrong � wrongly = unjustly;

Chose the adverb or adjective.

1. We can � see this spot so far (hard, hardly).

2. Tom has learnt it � (late, lately).

3. She is a qualified engineer (high, highly).

4. Children worked � learning this text (hardly, hard).

5. That lady lives � my house (near, nearly).

6. Be careful. The dog came too � (close, closely).

7. The sun is now � up in the sky (high, highly).

8. He likes that cafe � of all (most, mostly).

9. My train has been � that is why I am here at this hour (lately, late).

10. When Tom comes to Paris he is � at the races (most, mostly).

11. They have been to Paris with their friends � (late, lately).

12. You can � meet him at this time here (hard, hardly).

13. We � had the accident last night (near, nearly).

14. This hockey team is the best. They are � qualified players (high, highly).

15. She was one of the � talented singers of the world (most, mostly).

16. Nora�s husband goes to bed � after dinner ( direct, directly).

17. Benson left � after your arrival. ( short, shortly)

18. When Anna refused to marry Dennis, he was � insulted (deep, deeply).

19. The jury was � sure that Jerry was innocent (complete, com-pletely).

20. The children could visit his zoo � ( free, freely).

EXERCISE V.

Fill in the correct word.

1. Solovianenko was the world best singer. He sang � (wonderful, wonderfully).

2. That cake tasted � (delicious, deliciously).

3. She sipped her tea � (slow, slowly).

4. They ate their meal � (hungry, hungrily).

5. Sidney Sheldon became � as soon as his books has become popular (famous, famously).

6. He came in � not to wake up the baby (quiet, quietly).

7. This silk feels � and she wants to buy it (good, well).

8. They � had a car accident last week (near, nearly).

9. Have you seen your parents � (late, lately)?

10. He always speaks � and wakes everybody in the house (noisy, noisily).

11. The soup tasted � and we really enjoyed it (delicious, deli-ciously).

12. This music sounds � I should like to buy this cassette (nice, nicely).

13. What happened in here? The room is full of smoke and it smells � (awful, awfully).

14. Through all her years of troubles she stays � (beautiful, beauti-fully).

15. �It is � good� � he said, turning to his sister (pretty, prettily).

EXERCISE VI.

Translate the following sentences into English.

1. ��, �� .

2. ��, �� .

3. �� , �� .

4. �� , �� , �� .

5. ��, �� .

6. ³� �� , �� .

7. �� .

8. ³� �� .

9. �� .

10. ̳�� .

11. ³� �� .

12. �� .

13. �� , �� .

14. �� .

15. ³� �� , � �� .

16. �� .

17. �� , �� , �� .

18. �� .

19. �� , �� .

20. ³� �� .

EXERCISE VII.

Here you have adverbs of place.

Everywhere, here, nowhere, somewhere, there, here, away, down, in, off, over, anywhere, round.

Fill in the right adverbs in the following sentences:

1. I know exactly that I have seen this man...

2. Can you see my wallet...?

3. He was looking for his credit card but it was...

4. � you will find better flowers than in this shop.

5. � comes the tram you are waiting for.

6. If you are looking for fresh roses � they are.

7. The competition was over � went the runners.

8. He was surprised very much � fell a dozen apples.

9. The sky was bright and clear � flew the plane.

10. � the doorway stood a man with a gun.

11. � you are! I have been looking for you for twenty minutes.

12. The books were � on the shelf.

EXERCISE VIII.

Here you have some adverbs of time.

Afterwards, eventually, lately, now, recently, soon, then, today, tomorrow, since, ever since, before, early, immediately, yet, still.

Use these adverbs in the following sentences:

1. It�s too late but she is � in bed.

2. He hasn�t come � and we are � waiting for him.

3. They will run there � as soon as you call them.

4. We have had two meals �

5. They hope they will do it � morning.

6. She doesn�t like to get up � but she must get used to it.

7. If she doesn�t do it now she will be sorry about it �

8. � you know better about it.

9. Tom hasn�t seen her � October.

10. I know she will come �

11. The train had left � you came.

12. They have discussed that �

EXERCISE IX.

Here you are given some adverbs of frequency.

Always, continually, frequently, occasionally, often, once, twice, periodically, repeatedly, sometimes, usually, ever, never, rarely, hardly ever, scarcely ever.

Choose the right adverbs for the sentences below.

1. She is so smart. She � understands everything.

2. I met him � or � last year at the parties.

3. They � cook meals themselves.

4. You�ve known George for years. He � smiles.

5. Have you � seen big grapes like those?

6. We visit them � and they are � glad to see us.

7. He � has left his pens and pencils and asks me for mine.

8. Jane brought the cake � and we were really pleased with it.

9. The magazine was edited � and had its customers.

10. I could � see him. He was always busy.

EXERCISE X.

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. � �� . �� ?

2. �� , �� .

3. ³� �� . � �� .

4. �� .

5. ҳ�� .

6. �� . � �� .

7. �� .

8. �� .

9. ³� �� .

10. � �� -��, �� .

11. �� , �� , �� .

12. �� .

13. �� , �� .

14. �� , �� .

15. �� .

EXERCISE XI.

Adverbs which have the same form as adjectives, like fast, hard etc. form comparatives and superlatives with the help of sufixes -er;

-est; adverbs, which have the ending � ly form comparatives and su-perlatives with the help of the words more and the most;

Write the relevant adverbs in their comparative or superlative forms:

Fast, hard, soon, often, high, low, deep, long, late, early, near, carefully, stupidly, beautifully, terribly, nicely, happily, specifically, quickly, politely, clearly, seriously, nervously, perfectly, slowly, im-politely, carelessly;

EXERCISE XII.

Here you have some irregular comparisons of adverbs:

well � better � the best

badly � worse � the worst

little � less � the least

much � more � most

far � farther � the farthest (only for distance)

far � further � the furthest

Fill in the missing adjectives or adverbs:

1. Will you come � tomorrow (early)? We shall catch the 7 o�clock train.

2. Can you talk � I cannot concentrate (quiet).

3. He will stay here � than I thought (long).

4. The more he works the � he becomes (thin).

5. The children are working � than last week (hard).

6. He lives a little � than we (far).

7. Do you run � than you used to (little)?

8. She started to study � than all the other students (efficient).

9. When he gets anxious he starts speaking � and � (fast).

10. The newspapers wrote that she danced � (beautiful).

EXERCISE XIII.

Take the adverbs from the box and complete these sentences, using the adverbs from the box:

Fluently, painfully, carefully, seriously, perfectly, badly, completely, seldom, lately, wrongly, nearly, directly, kindly, foolishly, generously, nervously, well, suspiciously, beautifully, secretly, carefully, angrily

1. He started speaking French � than he did last year.

2. It really hurts � than it seems.

3. I hope you�ll watch her � than the others.

4. She looks � for her age.

5. The car was damaged � so they had to stop at the motel.

6. She was so � impressed that she couldn�t speak.

7. I have � seen them � .

8. You were � informed.

9. When Jane heard it she � fainted.

10. He goes to bed � after dinner.

11. She looked at me � and smiled.

12. I don�t like people like him. He always behaves � .

13. All the waiters were paid � for the catering at that party.

14. He smiled � and flushed. She looked at him with a kind under-standing smile.

15. We hoped that he would be a nice guide because he knew the town � .

16. Rachel is a rather strange girl. She looks at people � .

17. Adam is the best dancer in our class. He always dances � .

18. They decided to leave the house � because they didn�t want anybody to know about that.

19. I�d like to go with Susan. She always drives � .

20. He � denied that he had lost the money.

EXERCISE XIV.

Here you have adverbs of place.

Away, everywhere, here, nowhere, somewhere, round, down, over, out.

Fill in the gaps with the correct adverbs:

1. It�s not the solution of this thorny problem. It�ll lead to �

2. Her face seems very familiar. I think I have seen here �

3. He is shaving. Is he going � ?

4. If you want to contact me you can find me �

5. The horizon seemed a thin line and � went the runners.

6. We cannot find her � Have you seen her?

7. Where did you go? �. I was � all the time.

8. You can these ants �. It�s a real problem to get rid of them.

9. � fell a piece of cake. What a mess!

10. We all looked up into the sky � and � flew the plane.

11. � you will find better ice cream than in Dunoon.

12. He looked lost turning � and �

13. You can find him � else, not in �

14. Can you see my key �? I might have lost it. � ?

15. You�ll come � and we�ll go �

16. Ask him to go �. I cannot see him.

17. These ants are �. What should I do?

18. We can go � else. It will be interesting to go �

19. � and � the fox moved and Jack was staring at it.

20. He looked � than came up to her and they left.

EXERCISE XV.

Here you have adverbs of time as once, twice, afterwards, even-tually, lately, now, recently, soon, then, today, tomorrow, before, early, immediately, late, since, ever since, still, yet, just, nowadays.

Fill in the gaps with the necessary adverbs.

1. I promise I�ll ring you �

2. We left the hotel � and went to London.

3. He turned around and saw that the girl was � crying.

4. I have � had a call from Siberia.

5. She flushed and � started laughing.

6. We have seen them often �

7. The children have been playing � morning.

8. They haven�t come � and we are worried.

9. Come as � as you can.

10. She doesn�t like to get up � but she must.

11. The doctor was sent for � and the patient was taken to the hos-pital.

12. He always comes home � at night and his parents worry about him.

13. They arrived at the station too � The train had left.

14. I cannot tell you about it � I�ll tell about it �

15. I�ll visit him once or � I really promised.

16. � he started running and Sheila looked puzzled.

17. � it is a real problem. Humanity will solve this problem I hope.

18. As I learnt he is � in hospital. We are going to visit him �

19. They always play � 2 � 9 and we can see them out of the win-dow.

20. He visited them � or � but � decided not to do it.

EXERCISE XVI.

Here you are given the following adverbs of manner.

Shyly, cordially, busily, carefully, carelessly, tactfully, tactlessly, nobly, fantastically, systematically, dryly, basically, hurriedly, coldly, warmly, heavily, curiously, angrily, foolishly, naturally, quietly and many others.

Fill in these adverbs into the sentences below:

1. When we came in he was talking �

2. She always smiles so �

3. I�d like to go in Bob�s car. He always drives �

4. It sounds �

5. Jane studies � and she always gets �fives�.

6. He writes so � and his handwriting is so small.

7. Joan laugh � She is so ill mannered.

8. He always behaves ...

9. They ran in � and picked up all the papers.

10. She sings � and is always invited to La Scala.

11. He answered � We felt that he was offended.

12. Ann came in � not to wake up the baby.

13. � he was glad to see her in his house.

14. They talked � coming up to us.

15. He greeted us � and smiled �

16. Ann always looks � and her curiosity makes me smile.

17. She answered � and went out.

18. He looked � when he said it and everybody smiled.

19. It had been snowing ...

20. He always looks so � like a real duke.

EXERCISE XVII.

Correct the mistakes:

1. Della came very quiet not to wake up the baby.

2. We escaped luckily this accident and now we can tell about it.

3. George likes to drive fastly and I don�t like to go somewhere with him.

4. This music sounds wonderfully and I feel relaxed.

5. The stars are highly up in the sky.

6. �Spice Girls� sing wonderful and young people enjoy them.

7. They have met him oncely or twicely this year.

8. This choir sings weller than that one.

9. Be quiet! This quarrel will lead to somewhere.

10. Alice smiled shy and left the room.

EXERCISE XVIII.

Translate the following senteences into English.

1. � �� .

2. �� .

3. �� .

4. ³� �� , �� .

5. ĳ�� .

6. �� .

7. �� , � �� .

8. �� , � � �� .

9. ³� �� 䳺 ��.

10. � �� , �� .

11. �� -�� , �, ��, �� .

12. �� , � �� .

13. �� , �� .

14. �� .

15. �� .

16. �� , �� .

17. ˳�� -��.

18. ĳ�� .

19. �� .

20. � �� -�� .

21. �� .

22. �� .

23. �� .

24. ҳ�� .

25. ̳� �� .

26. �� , �� .

27. �� , � �� .

28. �� .

29. �� , �� .

30. �� .

31. �� .

EXERCISE XIX.

Put in the necessary words from the box:

Happily, carefully, there, quietly, comfortably, suspiciously, quickly, soon, hurriedly, around

Leaving the house (1) � Ted looked (2) � He saw nobody and sighed with relief turning to the corner (3) � Ted knew he would be followed (4) � So he took the taxi and went to the airport

(5) � There he again turned around (6) � and boarded the pla-

ne. He placed himself (7) � in the chair and closed his eyes.

Soon he slept (8) � having fastened his seat belts on his way

to Brazil. (9) � he would live (10) � and nobody would ever bother him.

EXERCISE XX.

Choose the correct answer:

1. He always dives very � and I�m afraid of it.

a) high; b) straight; c) deep.

2. Jane runs � and is supposed to be the best runner.

a) soon; b) late; c) fast.

3. � there was nobody there when the bomb exploded.

a) in fact; b) frankly; c) fortunately.

4. They visit the swimming pool � to keep fit.

a) low; b) fast; c) weekly.

5. We could � see that tiny spot on her evening dress.

a) lately; b) hardly; c) mostly.

6. All the players of this hockey team are � trained players.

a) lately; b) hardly; c) highly.

7. Pavarotti sings � and it is a real pleasure to listen to him.

a) quietly; b) noisily; c) wonderfully.

8. He always comes in � and wakes the baby.

a) quietly; b) slowly; c) noisily.

9. Have you seen her � ? I cannot find her.

a) nowhere; b) somewhere; c) anywhere.

10. You will be able to study � than before.

a) sooner; b) more carefully; c) more efficiently.

ADVERBS

TEST I

TASK I.

Fill in the adverbs where necessary:

1. � he will come tomorrow if all the documents are brought in time.

2. � they had his address and could find him easily.

3. � I don�t like people like him. He is always boasting.

4. � she is absolutely right being angry with him.

5. � we have all the materials ready to print.

6. � they were right. Everything was ready to publish and he spoilt it.

6. � the overturned lorry didn�t block the road.

7. � the investigation is conducted by a famous detective.

8. � it will rain in the afternoon. The sky is too cloudy.

9. � he is lying. Just look into his eyes.

10. � she will come back. She really loves him so much.

TASK II.

Fill in the gaps with the correct form of adverbs or adjectives:

1. This cake tastes � I advise you to take a slice of it (delicious, deliciously).

2. This symphony sounds � Shall we listen to it again (perfect, perfectly)?

3. Look at this fish! It looks � (wonderful, wonderfully).

4. The dinner which is on the table smells � (nice, nicely).

5. This silk feels � Will you buy it (soft, softly)?

6. Your broth always tastes � Will you give me the recipe (good, well)?

7. This music sounds � Will you turn the radio off ( awful, aw-fully)?

8. The cloth you bought yesterday feels � (smooth, smoothly).

9. She looks � When did you meet her before (pretty, prettily)?

10. This custard smells � Will you give me a bit of it (tasty, tastily).

TASK III.

Fill in the correct form:

1. He always works � He is so industrious (hard, hardly).

2. We usually return home � (late, lately).

3. They � rewrite their homework twice (often, oftenly).

4. Our children like to climb � in the mountains (high, highly).

5. As a rule Charles drives � I don�t like to go with him (fast, fastly).

6. He likes to dive � Can you do the same (deep, deeply)?

7. Jane always gets up � She is a hard � working girl (early, ear-lily).

8. The trees bend � in the strong wind (low, lowly).

9. Look at him! He goes � without turning back (straight, straightly).

10. He always visits his cousins � (weekly, weeklily).

TASK IV.

Choose the correct form of adverbs or adjectives:

1. When she comes to Kyiv she spends her time � in the theatres (most, mostly).

2. I was worried in the morning. I � overslept (near, nearly).

3. We can � believe our eyes. This is John Lennon (hard, hardly).

4. These footballers are always � trained players (high, highly).

5. They are to meet � after dinner (direct, directly).

6. Tom could � see this bird at a height of ten metres (bare, barely).

7. Have the children met � (late, lately)?

8. He left � after our arrival without any explanation (short, shortly).

9. Alice � ever comes here because she is in quarrel with all her relatives (hard, hardly).

10. Galina is a � educated person. She is always very smart (high, highly).

TASK V.

Choose the necessary adverbs or adjectives:

1. Mother left the room � and closed the door (quiet, quietly).

2. She turned her head and answered � (dry, dryly).

3. George always behaves so � (tactlessly, tactless).

4. They miss their lessons � (systematical, systematically).

5. She always spoke � to everybody (cordial, cordially).

6. This gentleman usually behaves very (noble, nobly).

7. When we tasted this pie it was � delicious (fantastic, fantastically).

8. He felt rather offended and answered � (cold, coldly).

9. Jane smiled � and started to speak (warm, warmly).

10. It always rains � at this time of the year (heavy, heavily).

TASK VI.

Fill in the gaps with the necessary adverbs from the box:

Frequently, occasionally, once, twice, sometimes, usually, often, rarely, never, periodically, always, repeatedly, hardly ever

1. We have no time to visit our relatives �

2. � he met her in the theatre that evening.

3. They saw Tom � or � at the parties.

4. She � gets up at seven o�clock.

5. The children have � been there before.

6. Dad and I � go to the cinema on Sundays.

7. You could � see her there. She never comes there.

8. Jane � visits her aunts. She loves them dearly.

9. Gosh � watches TV. He prefers going to the cinemas.

10. We � come to the Zoo with our children.

TASK VII.

Form the comparative and the superlative degrees of the following adverbs:

Slowly, fast, clearly, well, badly, high, soon, carefully, little, far, efficiently, a lot, hard, low, deep, long, beautifully, late, early, noisily, politely, wonderfully.

TASK VIII.

Choose the correct answer.

1. We think he started to work � than he did last year.

a) hard; b) harder; c) the hardest.

2. He operated � this time and performed the operation success-fully.

a) more carefully; b) careful; c) the most careful.

3. She tried to dive � but it was too hard.

a) deep; b) deeper; c) the deepest.

4. Galina Vishnevskaia sang � and the audience admired her.

a) wonderfully; b) the most won-derfully; c) more wonderfully.

5. They climbed � because they wanted to see the river from the top of the hill.

a) high; b) higher; c) the highest.

6. Don� worry, he will come back � or �

a) soon, late; b) sooner, later; c) the soonest, the latest.

7. The children played � than ever.

a) noisily; b) more noisily; c) the most noisily.

8. She walked � than before. What happened to her?

a) slowly; b) more slowly; c) the most slowly.

9. He lives � than I thought. Let�s take a taxi.

a) far; b) farther; c) the farthest.

10. Put this log � It will be more comfortable.

a) low; b) lower; c) the lowest.

TASK IX.

Fill in the blanks with the words from the box:

Really, hardly, safely, soon, there, fast, immediately, luckily, obvi-ously, horror, peacefully, merrily, all the time, very much, suspi-ciously, quietly

Dan left the house (1) � and went to the park. On his way there he looked around (2) � but he saw nobody. He was worried (3) � For the last two days he had been followed (4) � but today he saw nobody. Dan relaxed and went into the park whistling (5) � He saw his partner sitting on the bench and dozing (6) � Dan came up to him and stiffened in horror. (7) � the partner was dead. (8) � there was nobody around so Dan ran out of the park and decided to change the place of living (9) � So in the evening he was driving (10) � to Salt Lake City. Coming there Dan decided to change his documents and leave the country. (11) � he was on board the plane flying to Argentina. He got there (12) � and was glad that his mission was over. He could (13) � believe that but it was (14) � so.

TASK X.

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. ��, �� .

2. ��, �� , �� .

3. �� .

4. ĳ�� .

5. �� , �� .

6. �� .

7. �� .

8. ³� �� .

9. �� .

10. ĳ��, ��, �� .

11. � �� . �� ?

12. �� .

13. �� .

14. ³� �� .

15. �� .

16. �� .

17. �� .

18. �� .

19. �� , �� .

20. �� .

ADVERBS

TEST I�

TASK I.

Fill in the sentence adverbs where necessary:

1. � we were at home when it happened.

2. � they will come to see us today.

3. � the boy is lying and everybody understands it.

4. � she will do it but I doubt if it is so.

5. � she is the best ballet dancer in this theatre.

6. � George found this information in his file.

7. � speaking I really don�t want to go there.

8. � they will bring all the materials tomorrow.

9. � he is his stepfather and he is responsible for his stepson.

10. � we shall help you in this situation.

TASK II.

Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the adjectives or adverbs:

1. This pear tastes � I advise you to taste it (nice, nicely).

2. This cloth feels � Let�s buy two metres (smooth, smoothly).

3. This piece of meat looks � Will you buy it (fresh, freshly)?

4. The dinner on the table smells � I feel so hungry (tasty, tastily).

5. He looks rather � , doesn�t he (handsome, handsomely)?

6. Just listen! This sounds �, doesn�t it ( wonderful, wonderfully)?

7. The velvet feels � Will you buy it (soft, softly)?

8. This girl looks so � as a very famous model ( pretty, prettily).

9. This soup tastes � I even cannot smell it (awful, awfully).

10. This cake tastes � I�ll have one more slice (delicious, deli-ciously).

TASK III.

Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the adjectives or adverbs:

1. Linda is a very industrious girl. She always works � (hard, hardly).

2. As a rule Jim comes home � (late, lately).

3. He � makes a lot of mistakes in his dictations (often, of-tenly).

4. Randy always likes to dive � So doe John (deep, deeply).

5. I shan�t go with him. He drives too � (fast, fastly).

6. They climbed � in the mountains on their weekends (high, highly).

7. We don�t like to wake up � We wake up rather late (early, earlily).

8. I visit my relatives � (weekly, weeklily).

9. Go � and then turn to the right ( straight, straightly).

10. This tree always bends � in the strong wind (low, lowly).

TASK IV.

Choose the correct form of the adjectives or the adverbs:

1. His uncle was a � educated person (high, highly).

2. You can � see him out of there ( hard, hardly).

3. She arrived � after your departure ( short, shortly).

4. Have you seen them � (late, lately)?

5. You can � see birds in winter here (bare, barely).

6. He goes to bed � after dinner (direct, directly).

7. These players are � trained (high, highly).

8. They could � believe their eyes. This was Julia Roberts (hard, hardly).

9. I � fell in the morning. I didn�t see that box (near, nearly).

10. When she comes to Moscow she spends her time � in the thea-tres (most, mostly).

TASK V.

Fill in the necessary adverbs:

1. She answered � and left the room (dry, dryly).

2. I don�t like his manners. He behaves � (tactless, tactlessly).

3. Judith greeted him � and shook his hand (cordial, cordially).

4. When we returned home it was raining � (heavy, heavily).

5. Ann smiled � and turned her head (warm, warmly).

6. They work � and have very nice results (systematical, system-atically).

7. He tasted the cake. It was � tasty (fantastical, fantastically).

8. She left the room � without saying good bye (quiet, quietly).

9. Josh was very angry and answered � (cold, coldly).

10. He always behaves � as if he were a duke (noble, nobly).

TASK VI.

Fill in the gaps with the necessary adverbs:

Repeatedly, hardly, usually, sometimes, frequently, once, twice, often, rarely, never, periodically, always, ever.

1. � he went there once or twice and left the books there.

2. We � meet her at the Greens at their parties.

3. Nancy � gets up very early in the morning.

4. Our children � go to the cinema. They prefer video.

5. I � go to the Zoo at my weekends because I love animals.

6. The students go to the library � to prepare for their exams.

7. George � visits his relatives. He is a very kind hearted fel-low.

8. You can � see him there. He doesn�t like this club.

9. They � take bus 5 or tram 6 to get to the university.

10. We � take our daughter with us. She is too small.

TASK VII.

Form the comparative and the superlative degrees of the following adverbs:

A lot, clearly, fast, soon, slowly, high, well, badly, carefully, po-litely, late, early, little, far, efficiently, low, deep, long, wonderfully, beautifully, noisily.

TASK VIII.

Choose the correct answer:

1. Look! She is running � than that runner.

a) fast; b) faster; c) the fastest.

2. The children climbed � and � on the hill.

a) high; b) higher; c) the highest.

3. The footballers finished the game and the fans shouted �

a) noisily; b) more noisily; c) the most noisily.

4. Helen lives � . We can take a taxi.

a) far; b) farther; c) the farthest.

5. Put this plank � . It will be better.

a) low; b) lower; c) the lowest.

6. He worked � than she and she finished the work first.

a) slowly; b) more slowly; c) the most slowly.

7. Dan dived � than Tom and he was happy about it.

a) deep; b) deeper; c) the deepest.

8. Galina Ulanova danced � than all the ballet dancers of that time.

a) wonderfully; b) more wonderfully; c) the most wonderfully.

9. She cut the slices � than the previous time.

a) carefully; b) more carefully; c) the most carefully.

10. That student started to work � this year.

a) hard; b) harder; c) the hardest.

TASK IX.

Put in the words from the box:

Very much, on, easily, soon, quietly, fast, happily, merrily, early, there, brightly, quietly, slowly

Lauren left the house (1) � and went to the station. She bought a ticket and smiling (2) � got on a train. �I am going (3) � holidays� she thought (4) � (5) � she fell asleep. The train was going (6) � and Lauren was sleeping. In the morning she woke up (7) � and looked out of the window. (8) � she saw the sea shore at a distance. The day was nice and the sun shone (9) � The train stopped at a small resort town and (10) � Lauren was at a hotel. It was a quiet place where the life passed (11) � and (12) � Next day Lauren went to the beach and (13) � she was lying (14) � in the sun. She enjoyed the holidays (15) � and felt relaxed.

TASK X.

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. ��, �� .

2. �� .

3. ³� �� (sum) ��.

4. � �� .

5. �� .

6. �� .

7. �� , � � �� .

8. �� .

9. �� .

10. ³� �� .

11. �� .

12. �� , � �� .

13. ̳� �� .

14. �� ?

15. �� .

16. �� .

17. �� .

18. ³� �� , �� .

19. �� .

20. �� .

Numerals

EXERCISE I.

Simple cardinal numerals: one, two, three, four, five, ten, twenty, a hundred, a thousand, a million.

Compound cardinal numerals: two thousand forty six, nine million one hundred thousand, seventy five thousand three hundred;

Write down these figures in words:

1; 2; 6; 9; 5; 8;15; 20; 31; 42; 68; 44; 61; 82; 75; 99; 102; 120; 130; 241; 341; 1001; 2110; 17; 22; 35; 158; 10; 322; 1234; 567; 69; 87; 95; 26; 563; 679; 723; 855; 982.

EXERCISE II.

Translate these numerals into English and write down them in figures:

��, ��, ��, ��, ��, ��, ��, ��, ��, ��, �� , �� , �� , �� , �� , �� , �� , ��, �� , �� , �� , �� , ��, ��, ��, �� .

EXERCISE III.

You can use only cardinal numerals in these cases: room five, flat twenty, Obolonska street four, bus ten, tram three, trolley bus seven, carriage six.

Note: in modern English you can also use � number three tram, number six bus, car number four.

Put in the necessary numerals in the sentences below:

1. Where is � (room four, the fifth room).

2. � is on the tenth floor (flat eighty two, the eighty second flat).

3. He has been living in Liuteranska (street five, the fifth street).

4. You can take � (tram six, the sixth tram) to get there.

5. Where is Paul? He is in � (carriage ten, the tenth carriage).

6. They always take � (bus thirty, the thirtieth bus) to get to the zoo.

7. Will you take � (trolley bus twenty, the twentieth trolley bus) to get to the theatre?

8. � (room forty, the fortieth room) is on the fifth floor.

9. Is this Teatralna � (street seven, the seventh street)?

10. They are in � (carriage eight, the eighth carriage).

EXERCISE IV.

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. �� .

2. �� .

3. � �� .

4. �� ? �� .

5. �� .

6. �� ? �� .

7. �� , ��?

8. �� ? �� .

9. �� .

10. �� .

EXERCISE V.

Here you have ordinal numerals: the first, the second, the tenth, the fifteenth, the twentieth, the hundredth, the thousandth, the millionth.

Note: The irregular spelling of: fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; Also remember: May 17 � May the seventeenth; 15 April � the fifteenth of April;

Transform the following cardinal numerals into ordinal ones:

One, two, three, five, seven, ten, eleven, twelve, sixteen, twenty two, thirty four, eight, nine, a hundred, seventy one, one hundred twenty, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, seventeen, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty seven, ninety eight, two hundred.

EXERCISE VI.

a) Translate these numerals into English

��, ��, ��, ��, ��, ��, ��, ��, ��, ��, �� , �� , �� , �� , �� , ��, �� , ��, ��.

EXERCISE VII.

You can use ordinal numerals in these word combinations:

The tenth lesson, the second page, the fifth part, the first floor, the sixth chapter, the ninth paragraph, the tenth sentence. (We can use cardinal numerals also with the words paragraph, chapter, page, part, lesson, sentence.)

Choose the correct answer:

1. Room � is on the left of the corridor (the fifth, five).

2. Their flat is on � floor. You can easily find it (the second, two).

3. Here is the stop of tram � (the twentieth, twenty).

4. � sentence must be translated into French (four, the fifth).

5. He has � paragraph and starts making the report (six, the sixth).

6. Trolleybus � doesn�t run here any longer (ten, the tenth).

7. We write a composition on chapter � (seven, the seventh).

8. � carriage is next to our carriage (three, the third).

9. This exercise is on � page (eleven, the eleventh).

10. You can find their headquarters in Regent Street � (the eighth, eight).

EXERCISE VIII.

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. �� .

2. �� , � �� .

3. �� .

4. �� , �� .

5. �� , �� .

6. ³� �� , �� .

7. �� .

8. �� , �� .

9. ³� �� .

10. �� , �� .

EXERCISE IX.

These are common fractions: 3/5 = three fifth; 1/3 = a third; 2/7 = two seventh; 1/17 = a seventeenth; 1/4= a fourth; 1/20 = a twentieth.

A whole number + a fraction can be followed directly by a plural noun: 2 1/4 = two and a quarter, 3 2/3 = three and two thirds.

These are decimal fractions: 0,1 = point one; 1,5 = one point five; 2,4 = two point four, 6,08 = six point oh eight.

Read aloud and write these common fractions and decimal ones in words:

1/25; 2/2; 1/5; 1/12; 1/35; 2/4; 4/5; 2/6; 1/30; 2/7; 1/15; 3/8; 2/9; 1/3; 4/6; 5/8.

2,1; 1,2; 3,4; 6,2; 10,5; 12,3; 4,6; 20,8; 40,3; 100,2; 1,5; 2,5; 50,3; 22,3.

Note! 50% � fifty per cent, 7,25% � seven point two five per cent;

EXERCISE X.

Translate these numerals into English andress them in figures:

�� , �� , �� , �� , �� , �� , �� , �� , �� , �� , �� , �� , �� , �� , �� .

EXERCISE XI.

Fill in the correct numerals:

1. He was � in this long line (one, the first).

2. She has � nice kittens (five, the fifth).

3. They live on � floor (six, the sixth).

4. We have read � books this summer (twenty, the twentieth).

5. Herbert learned � task better than � (the second, two, the first, one).

6. Jane bought � new balls for her children to play (three, the third).

7. Where is � dress? It was on the chair (two, the second).

8. We have � nice puppies and we are so happy to have them (six, sixth).

9. She bought � fur coat. She has a collection of them (the tenth, ten).

10. They played � games of chess last week (twelve, the twelfth).

EXERCISE XII.

Choose the correct answer:

1. Where is Andy? He is in �

a) the tenth carriage; b) carriage ten; c) ten carriage.

2. There are � students in this group.

a) twenty; b) twentieth; c) the twenty.

3. Our flat is on � floor and our windows face the park.

a) five floor; b) the fifth ; c) floor five.

4. She has already read � pages and now she is on page twenty one.

a) twenty; b) the twentieth; c) twentieth.

5. Going there you can take � and get there very quickly.

a) the third bus; b) bus three; c) bus third.

6. Ben was � to come there on time.

a) one; b) first; c) the first.

7. Where is � book? It is over here, on the table.

a) two; b) the second; c) second.

8. My dog has � puppies this time and I can give you one of them.

a) four; b) fourth; c) the fourth.

9. He did only � of this task.

a) a third; b) three; c) the third.

10. We see � written on the blackboard.

a) two four; b) two point four; c) a two four.

EXERCISE XIII.

Put in the correct words from the box:

seven, six, is, bus ten, go, ten, a lot of, two, room, first, two, Ayton Road ten

Andy Stewart lives in (1) �There are (2) � floors in his house. His bedroom is on (3) � floor. His favourite room is a living (4) � which is on the ground floor. Andy has a nice garden with (5) � pine trees. There are (6) � bushes of roses there. He is also fond of fuch-sias and has (7) � kinds of them in his garden. Andy and his wife Sally sometimes (8) � to a vegeterian restaurant. As a rule they take (9) � and go there. Andy (10) � fond of books and he is reading an Agatha Cristie now. He has read (11) � chapters and now he is on chapter (12) �

EXERCISE XIV.

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. �� .

2. �� .

3. �� .

4. ³� �� .

5. ĳ�� .

6. �� , �� .

7. �� .

8. �� .

9. � �� .

10. �� .

NUMERALS

TEST I

TASK I.

Write down these numerals in words:

2; 12; 23; 44; 1/3; 1003; 367; 2/5; 3,6; 243; 4,6; 4; 589; 5/8; 6,9; 786;165; 4,6; 3283; 25; 306; 1894; 1/5; 2,8; 88; 92; 3/7; 938;

TASK II.

Choose the correct answer:

1. � is on the fifth floor round the corner.

a) room ten; b) the tenth room; c) ten room.

2. Where is Anna? She is in �

a) the second car-riage; b) carriage two; c) carriage second.

3. You can take � and get there.

a) seventh bus; b) bus seven; c) the seventh bus.

4. Is this Kostiolna street � ?

a) thirty first; b) thirty one; c) the thirty first.

5. There are � units in this hand manual.

a) twenty two; b) twenty second; c) the twenty second.

6. This is � part of this novel.

a) three; b) the third; c) third.

7. Nearly � of our class entered the universities and institutes.

a) two third; b) two three; c) a two third.

8. � percent of Ukrainan territory is flat.

a) ninety five; b) a ninety fifth; c) the ninety fifth.

9. Richard did � task better than the fist.

a) two; b) second; c) the second.

10. There is only � of natural juice in this drink.

a) thirty point five; b) a thirty point five; c) a thirty five.

TASK III.

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. ³� �� .

2. ̳� �� (Egypt).

3. �� .

4. �� .

5. �� .

6. �� ? �� .

7. ĳ�� .

8. �� .

9. �� : �� , �� .

10. ³� �� .

TASK IV.

Put in the missing words from the box into the gaps:

ten, twelve, five, six, around, two floors, bus three, in, Crossmyloof Gardens five, is

Katia (1) � my best friend. She lives in (2) � not far from my house. Katia has a house (3) � the country. She usually takes (4) � to go to the railway station and then she takes a suburban train. The house has (5) � There is a nice orchid (6) � it. There are (7) � ap-ple trees, (8) � cherry trees and (9) � apricot trees in the orchid. Ka-tia is fond of flowers very much and she has (10) � bushes of roses around the house. This year she planted (11) � dahlias and worked a lot at them.

TASK V.

Choose the correct answer:

1. His address is � flat sixty two.

a) Shuliavska street four; b) the fourth Shu-liavska street; c) Shuliavska street the fourth.

2. This is � which you should know quite well.

a) lesson ten; b) ten lesson; c) lesson the tenth.

3. It is � part of this novel.

a) two; b) the second; c) second.

4. We see � written there on the blackboard.

a) three point two; b) a three point two; c) third point two.

5. Where is � ? It is on the ninth floor.

a) sixth room; b) room six; c) the sixth room.

6. He saw � plane that sunny summer day.

a) five; b) the fifth; c) fifth.

7. Here we have � percent of the thesis.

a) two third; b) a two third; c) two three.

8. This flat is on � floor of a new house opposite the park.

a) first; b) one; c) the first.

9. We have � bushes of roses in our garden.

a) seven; b) the seventh; c) seventh.

10. Can I take � to get to the post office?

a) bus forty; b) the fortieth bus; c) fortieth bus.

NUMERALS

TEST I�

TASK I.

Write these numerals in words:

36; 4; 65; 1/3; 109; 23; 14; 2/6; 3,5; 534; 2008; 1324; 5,7; 78; 99; 456; 3/9; 2,5; 1/6; 1987; 3948; 2,8; 3/7; 27; 54; 743; 1145; 2/4; 6,3.

TASK II.

Choose the correct answer:

1. � is on the second floor over there.

a) room six; b) the sixth room; c) six room.

2. Is Tom with you here? No, he is in �

a) carriage fifth; b) five carriage; c) carriage five.

3. This is Obolonska street �

a) forty first; b) forty one; c) the forty first.

4. We usually take � to get to the university.

a) bus sixty one; b) the sixty first bus; c) sixty first bus.

5. There � units in this thesis.

a) thirty; b) thirtieth; c) the thirtieth.

6. This is � part of this work.

a) the first; b) one; c) first.

7. Nearly � of the students are late.

a) a two third; b) two third; c) two three.

8. � percent of Ukrainian territory is mountanious.

a) the fifth; b) fifth; c) five.

9. Kate did � task better than the second.

a) the third; b) a third; c) three.

10. There is only � of natural meat in this sausage.

a) thirty point five; b) a thirty point five; c) a thirty five.

TASK III.

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. �� .

2. �� .

3. �� , �� .

4. � �� .

5. �� .

6. �� .

7. �� .

8. ʳ�� .

9. �� .

10. �� , �� .

TASK IV.

Put in the missing words from the box into the gaps:

ten, twenty, three, five, around, three floors, bus ten, in, Lindon street seven, is

George (1) � Sam�s best friend. He lives in (2) � not far from Sam�s house. George has a house (3) � the country. He usually takes (4) � to go to the railway station and then he takes a suburban train. The house has (5) � There is a nice garden (6) � it. There are (7) � pine trees and (8) � oak trees there. George is fond of gardening

very much and has (9) � bushes of roses around the house. This

year he planted (10) � fuchsias. Out of ten plants only (11) � are in blossom.

TASK V.

Choose the correct answer:

1. There are � students in this group.

a) twenty five; b) twenty fifth; c) the twenty fifth.

2. Daniel lives on � floor in a new block of flats.

a) three; b) the third; c) third.

3. Where is � ? It is on the ground floor.

a) the fourth room; b) fourth room; c) room four.

4. Mummy and Daddy are in � and Granny with me are in �

a) carriage six, car-riage seven; b) the sixth car-riage, the seventh carriage; c) sixth carriage, sev-enth carriage.

5. It was � game he had been playing since morning.

a) nine; b) the ninth; c) ninth.

6. They saw � written on the blackboard.

a) a tenth; b) fifth point two; c) five point two.

7. She has done only � of that exercise.

a) three; b) a third; c) third point one.

8. We have been living in Obolonska � for ten years.

a) eighth street; b) street eight; c) eight street.

9. You always take � to get to the center.

a) the eleventh bus; b) eleven bus; c) bus eleven.

10. Pete bought � roses for Mary�s birthday.

a) seventeen; b) the seventeenth; c) seventeenth.

Prepositions

EXERCISE I.

Here you have some expressions with the preposition in

To have interest in, to be interested in, to be in love with, to be rich in, in the way, to be in need of, in the rain (sun, snow), in the cold (heat), in fact, in general, in the open air, in one�,s opinion, in pencil (ink, coal), in smb�s. place, in red (blue, white), in secret, in short, in the sky, in time, in vain, in a way, in spring (winter, summer, autumn), in the street, in (under) the circumstances, in the direction of, in the south (west, east).

Fill in the prepositions where necessary.

1.The portrait was painted � oil.

2. Yesterday Ann was dressed � white.

3. He felt at that moment he was � love with the whole world.

4. They searched everywhere, but it was � vain.

5. � his � it was too late to publish this article.

6. The doctor advised her not to sit � the sun so long.

7. Everybody knew that Helen was � love with Bob.

8. He liked to run � the open air every spring.

9. They kept it � secret from Paul.

10. She is interested � some collections of minerals.

11. They always keep everything � secret from the others.

12. He is � need of money. Can you borrow him any ?

13. � their opinion I am a fool to help you.

14. He tried to lift the heavy log, but it was � vain.

15. We met by chance � the way to the cinema.

16. Ann did not know what to do � these circumstances.

17. They are interested � these problems.

18. He has no interest � music.

19. � fact we did this work ourselves.

20. They stood � the sun too long. The sun was pitiless � the heat.

EXERCISE II.

Prepositions can be simple: on, at, in, with; derivative: behind, across, between, below, along; compound: onto, without, throughout; composite: in spite of, because of, instead of, outside, inside, in be-tween, at.

Fill in one of these prepositions, were necessary.

1. They became good friends � Tom.

2. I found it � the curtain.

3. He left � any word.

4. The guest came � and greeted us.

5. I saw the grain deep � the bulb.

6. We looked � and did not see anybody.

7. The lamp is � the table.

8. She was sitting � us.

9. It was too cold � and we did not go for a walk.

10. He gave her all the toys which were � the table.

11. There was something odd � this old gentleman.

12. Do you know that Bob came � my request.

13. We did it � my own initiative.

14. Don�t speak � a whisper, speak � a loud voice.

15. I was sorry for him � all my heart.

EXERCISE III.

You are given here some expressions with the preposition at.

at the age of, at all, at the beginning, at the end, at all costs, at down, at first, at home, at last, at least, at a loss, to shout at, to be good at, to knock at, to laugh at, to throw at, to work at, to be

surprised at, at night, at once, at peace, at war, at first sight, at work, at will.

Fill in the necessary expressions with the preposition at:

1. Howard started � and reached the mountains late �

2. They had the same books � that is why they refused to buy them.

3. The boy � the stone � the crow and it flew away.

4. They have been � this problem for a year.

5. She understood it � and frowned.

6. Larry never � his children and they respect him very much.

7. I did not recognize you �

8. We need � three more days to finish this work.

9. My uncle said they must do it �

10. They always � his jokes.

11. Mankind is � the size of Egyptian pyramid.

12. Liz is � geography and � physics.

13. Pakistan was � with India some decades ago.

14. My mother always gets up � and does a lot of house work.

15. It is very difficult for cats and dogs to live �

16. Hilbert drove his Mercedes � 160 kilometers and we were scared.

17. Thomas was � in Vietnam for three years.

18. Sonia is a very naughty girl but � she is very kind hearted.

19. Can you read this signature � of the picture?

20. At this time of the day dad is �

21. I knocked � twice but nobody answered.

22. � the storm may last a week.

23. We shall meet � , shall not we. And I shall treat you to some delicious ice cream.

24. The rooster always gets up � and sings in the yard.

25. Tom said he had no money � He was broke.

26. The lights went off � of the performance.

27. � of the story the Prince kissed the Princess and she woke up.

28. The man was � ducks.

29. You will not understand this book if you do not start � very �

30. Is your mother � or � ? No, she is �

EXERCISE IV.

Here you see some expressions with the preposition by: to divide by, to increase by; to judge, by, day by day, one by one, by chance (accident), take by, by heart, by mistake, by name, by profession, by surprise, by the way, by train (plane, bus, ship, tram), step by step, to mean by.

Fill in these expressions into the sentences.

1. They arrived in time and entered the ball room �

2. We met � yesterday and went to the concert.

3. I do not like to learn � but I must learn a lot.

4. He called the boy � and gave him his documents.

5. What is she � ? Oh, she is a surgeon.

6.We went there � and saw a lot out of window of the carriage.

7. He led her slowly � and looked into her eyes.

8. �, where is my handkerchief? It was here, in my handbag.

9. Sarah took somebody�s umbrella �

10. He had to visit the police �

11. She took her daughter � and led her to the car.

12. Can you � nine � three?

13. The fastest way of traveling is �

14. The rain caught her �

15. What do you � that?

16. We took their copy books �

17. Can we � ten � three?

18. Walter appeared in this town �

19. I prefer to travel � because I like to watch dolphins and sea-gulls.

20. Kevin tamed his lion cub quietly, slowly �

21. What did he � that?

22. We never � people � appearances.

23. Mona is an architect �

24. � can you give me your umbrella? I have forgotten mine.

25. Joe knows her only ... � They are not close friends.

EXERCISE V.

You are given here some expressions with the preposition for: to ask for, to be famous for, to be late for, to be sorry for, to exchange for, to hope for, to leave for, to demand for, to prepare for, to respect for, to care for, to start for, to wait for, for ever, for good, for fear, for fun, for instance (for example), for the time being, for a walk, for the first (last) time, for a purpose, for a reason, for a walk.

Use these prepositions in the sentences below.

1. Silvester Stallone is famous � his film �Rembo�.

2. She is always late � lectures. The teachers do not like that.

3. Barry is sorry � forgetting the material at home.

4. We leave � London in a fortnight.

5. I like to go � a walk in the rain.

6. He said that he was leaving Scotland � ever.

7. � time being it is enough. We have picked up a lot of mush-rooms.

8. They were sitting quietly in the dark room � fear not to get into trouble.

9. Look at this. We always do this just � fun.

10. Dad and came here � the first time and I hope � the last time.

11. We can either take this stone, � example ruby.

12. They will use it � special purpose.

13. There is an enormous demand � lemons in Iran because of tra-ditional meals.

14. She does not know about it. You had better prepare her � the bad news.

15 They lost their property. I am so sorry � them.

16. We hope � better changes in Ukraine.

17. Children have been waiting � us for 2 hours, let is hurry.

18. Please, try to have respect � other people�s opinions.

19. We always care � the problems of our children.

20. This train starts � Liverpool at 10 a. m.

21. Let is take � instance this case and study it.

22. He looked at the city � the last time and turned his head.

23. Kevin Kostner became famous � his film �Waterworld�.

24. Hurry up. We are late � the concert.

25. Did you ask � permission to come so late?

EXERCISE VI.

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. �� .

2. �� .

3. �� .

4. ³� �� .

5. �� , �� , �� .

6. �� .

7. �� .

8. �� .

9. �� , �� .

10. � �� .

11. ��, �� .

12. �� (barbecue) �� .

13. ³� �� ,�� .

14. �� .

15. �� , �� .

16. ĳ�� .

17. �� .

18. �� , � �� .

19. �� , �� .

20. �� , � �� .

21. �� .

22. �� .

23. �� .

24. �� -�� .

25. ĳ�� , �� (string).

26. �� .

27. �� .

28. ³� �� .

29. �� .

30. � �� .

31. �� .

32. �� , �� ?

33. �� , �� , �� .

34. � �� , � �� .

35. �� .

36. �� .

37. �� .

38. � �� .

39. �� (several rea-sons).

40. �� .

EXERCISE VII.

Here you have some word combinations with the preposition from: from above, from behind, from among, from over, from under, to bor-row from, to recover from, to prevent from, to result from, to tell (dif-fer) from, to translate from, from bad to worse, from memory, from time to time, from side to side, from a point of view, from morning till night, from cold, from the beginning to the end, to judge from.

Translate into English the word combinations in brackets:

1. He decided to (�� ) from the bank and soon he got his credit.

2. Jane looks better. She has just (�� ) long and hard dis-ease.

3. It is sometimes very difficult to (��) twins (�� ).

4. Everything goes (�� ) since we left London.

5. Professor Chandler has a brilliant memory. He reads all his lec-tures (�� ).

6. Since we have moved to Alabama we go to New York (�� ).

7. She was crying desperately and waving (� �� ).

8. We were waiting too long. We were waiting for him (� �� ).

9. Alice was at that boring performance (� �� ).

10. They have been (��) this novel (� ��) into Ukrainian.

11. Did you really read this (� ��)?

12. He took his papers somewhere (��) and gave them to me.

13. We cannot (�� ) each other.

14. They were working (� �� ) and left too late.

15. (� �� ) is the best specialist.

EXERCISE VIII.

You see here some word combinations with the preposition into: to cut into, to divide into, to take into consideration, to trans�late into.

Fill in these word combinations into the sentences below.

1. Please � the meat � ten slices. The will be ten of us.

2. Let�s � this cake � half.

3. She � the novels � German.

4. We always � all the remarks given.

5. He � his sandwich � three parts.

6. They � the apple � five pieces.

7. All your wishes �

8. They translated the text � English.

9. We have � the cake � six slices and put on the table.

10. We � the bun � half.

EXERCISE IX.

Here you are given the use of the preposition of: to accuse of, to consist of, to deprive of, to remind of, to be afraid of, to be ashamed of, to be tired of, to be fond of, to be full of, to be proud of, to be sure)certain) of, to be in need of, to be of importance, to be of value, to be of interest)to), to get rid of, to make use of, to take advantage of, to take care of.

Translate the word � combinations below from Ukrainian into English:

1. She didn�t (��) me (��) this and left the book at home.

2. Tom is always (��) the dogs and tries not to meet with them.

3. She (��) her manners and behaves rather awkwardly.

4. Tom has been running for an hour and now he is (�� ) running.

5. The glass is (��) water. Don�t split it.

6. He loves tennis very much and he is (��) Agassy.

7. They are (��) their children who are rather talented.

8. This vase is very (��) for us. Don�t break it.

9. How often do you (��) old things?

10. Margaret always (��) her babies. They always look very neat.

11. Do you often (��) this old washing machine?

12. We always try (�� ) our swimming pool.

13. This new hand manual (�� ) twelve units.

14. We (��) Tom (�) missing all the examination materi-als.

15. The box was (��) nice ornaments.

EXERCISE X.

Here you see the use of the preposition after: after all, to be named (called) after somebody, day after day, the day after tomorrow, long after, soon after.

Choose the correct expressions from the lines above to fill the gaps:

1. They did this hard work �

2. We shall finish this exercise �

3. She will clean the flat � he comes.

4. John is � his uncle.

5. � days and nights of waiting his parents were happy to see him.

6. We � our baby � our great grandfather.

7. � these years of searching he found his treasure.

8. The tournament will be held �

9. He polishes his car � and looks so happy.

10. We shall eat this cake � the guests come.

EXERCISE XI.

Here you have the use of prepositions behind, beyond and down: to be behind time � ��; to fall behind � ��; to leave something behind � �� ; behind one�s back � �� ; beyond doubt � �� ; beyond one�s power � �� ; it�s beyond me � �� ; to lie down � ��, to sit down � ��; to write down � ��; down to, upside down � �� .

Use these word combinations in the sentences below:

1. I don�t like people like him. He � everything �

2. We missed twenty lessons and � very much. That�s why we must work hard.

3. He is the smartest boy in his class and it�s �

4. I cannot help you because it�s �

5. When we are in a hurry we always �

6. The train is �

7. I cannot see him again. It�s �

8. Will you � here? This chair is so comfortable.

9. He felt exhausted and decided � for a few minutes.

10. This abstract painting is hanging � What do you think?

EXERCISE XII.

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. �� .

2. �� ? � �� , � �� .

3. �� , �� .

4. � �� .

5. �� .

6. �� .

7. �� .

8. �� .

9. �� .

10. � �� .

11. �� , �� .

12. �� , �� (attic).

13. �� . � � �� .

14. �� .

15. �� , �� .

16. �� .

17. ĳ�� .

18. �� , �� .

19. �� .

20. �� .

EXERCISE XIII.

Here you see the use of the preposition on: to congratulate on, to depend on, to insist on, to rely on, to spend on, on all sides, on the av-erage, on behalf of, on business, on board a ship, on condition, on the contrary, to be on fire, on foot, on the one (other) hand, on purpose, on the right, on sale, on a large scale, on the whole, on the way, and so on, later on.

Translate into English the word combinations in the gaps:

1. He came to London (� ��).

2. We fist met (�� ) twenty years ago.

3. I really cannot (�� ) him in anything. He is so oblivious.

4. They went two hundred kilometers (�� ) and only then they were noticed by the helicopter.

5. )� �� ) you are right but (� �� ) you must prove it.

6. We have discussed this problem (� ��).

7. The house was (� ��) and there were a lot of firemen near it.

8. We saw some nice grapes (� ��) and bought them.

9. He did it (��). He wanted to hurt her.

10. (�� ) home they picked up a lot of mushrooms.

11. We studied Maths, Physics, languages and (�� ).

12. The committee meant the problem (� ��).

13. They met twenty years ago (�� ).

14. She doesn�t live in the country (��) she lives in New York.

15. They (��) Bill (�) his birthday.

EXERCISE XIV.

You have here the use of the prepositions out and out of: to find out � ��, ��, to point out � ��, to work out � ��, out of danger � � ��, out of date � ��, out of work � �� , out of doors � ��, �� , out of envy � �� , out of fashion � ��, �� , out of use � ��, �� , out of order � �� , out of place � ��, out of ques-tion � �� .

Fill in the empty space with the expressions above:

1. He � that the box was empty and all the documents disappeared.

2. She was � that she was always late and she was proposed to quit.

3. The children � the plan how to save the dolphin.

4. Only then Eliza realized that she was �

5. Stanley has been � for three months and he hopes to get the job soon.

6. Betsy looked very upset because all her clothes were �

7. We don�t use these expressions any more. They are �

8. His dish washer is � and he is going to repair it.

9. She did it � She is always jealous with Richard.

10. Children must be � for two � three hours every day.

EXERCISE XV.

Here you see the combinations with the preposition over: to run over (��), to talk over (��), to think over (��), all over the world (country, town), over again, over there.

Use these word combinations in the sentences below:

1. The truck � the tree and blocked the road.

2. They had been talking for more than three hours and � all the questions.

3. You must � it � and then you will tell me your decision.

4. Marx and Spencer are very popular. They have the chain shops �

5. Are you looking for them? They are � in the garden.

6. He has been � by the lorry and is in the hospital now.

7. Let�s � this problem � We are ready for it.

8. Don�t do that! � it � , please.

9. They have been traveling � for half a year.

10. Where is Sandra? She is � near the door.

EXERCISE XVI.

Translate the following sentenses into English:

1. �� .

2. �� , � �� .

3. �� .

4. �� -

�� .

5. �� .

6. �� .

7. ĳ�� .

8. �� .

9. �� .

10. �� .

11. � �� .

12. �� .

13. �� .

14. �� , �� .

15. �� , �� .

16. �� .

17. �� , � �� .

18. �� , �� .

19. �� , � � �� .

20. �� , � �� .

EXERCISE XVII.

Here you have word combinations with the preposition to: to agree to, to apologize to, to belong to, to happen to, to listen to, to pay atten-tion to, to prefer to, to reply to, to seem to, to refer to, to speak)talk) to, to subscribe to, attentive to, clear to, devoted to, equal to, familiar to, grateful to, important to, kind to, known to, necessary to, polite to, strange to, useful to, useless to.

Translate the expressions in the gaps into English:

1. He (�� ) her for forgetting the papers.

2. They never (�� ) these problems.

3. We always (�� ) the Times.

4. These manuscripts (��) my great grand dad.

5. All scientists (�� ) his articles in their works.

6. It (�� ) Jane last year when she was on holidays.

7. They never (�� ) their children.

8. She is always very (�� ) relatives.

9. I like (�� ) them when we visit them.

10. His face seemed very (��) me but I couldn�t under-stand why.

EXERCISE XVIII.

You have here some word combinations with the prepositions un-der and up: to be under the circumstances, to be under consideration, to be under repair, to pick up, to ring up, to save up, to sit up, to stand up, to wake up, up to date, up and down, hurry up, it is up to you, time is up, up to the mark.

Use these word combinations in the sentences below:

1. If you � early in the morning you will be able to do a lot.

2. He wanted to continue the game but his � was �

3. They were going along the forest � the mushrooms on their way.

4. They lived at their uncle because their house was �

5. Children, � please because we have little time.

6. John � and left the room.

7. Do you know what to do � these � ?

8. You must solve this problem yourself, �

9. Will you � me � when he brings the papers?

10. This is � technology and we are going to use it.

EXERCISE XIX.

You see here some word combinations with the prepositions with and without: to cover with, to fill with, to leave with, to shake (tremble) with, to be pleased with, to be popular with, to be pale(red) with, to be satisfied with, without fail, it goes without saying � �� ; to do without � �� .

Fill in the empty space with the word combinations above:

1. The mountains and hills were � snow and it was very cold.

2. The children were � fear and crying in the dark room.

3. The dean was � the results of the session.

4. The writer is very � the children and his books have been sold.

5. He � the gaps � the prepositions and started a new exercise.

6. I can � without sugar and drink tea only with the lemon.

7. She was � anger and left the room hurriedly.

8. As a very famous actor he is � the spectators.

9. Ann was � the results of her exams because she got only �fives�.

10. He was � fear because he got frightened.

EXERCISE XX.

Fill in the prepositions where necessary:

(in, by, in, with, again, was, out, between, at, with, to, of, to, into, in, to, to, from, on, of).

AN EXPENSIVE HORSESHOE

The English king Richard the Lion Heart (1) � a tall and strong man. He was very proud (2) � his strength and often liked to show people how strong he was.

Once as he was riding (3) � horseback in the country-side he sud-denly noticed that his horse had lost one of its shoes. Luckily, he was not far (4) � a little village and soon he found a blacksmith. �Give me a good horseshoe,� he said (5) � the man. The blacksmith chose a horseshoe and gave it (6) � him. Richard took it (7) � his hands and broke it (8) � two. �This horseshoe is no good,� he said (9) � the blacksmith, �give me a better one�. The blacksmith gave him another but Richard broke it almost as easily as the first one.

The blacksmith was surprised (10) � it, but he did not say a word. He found a third horseshoe and offered it (11) � the king. This time Richard seemed to be satisfied (12) � it and ordered the Blacksmith to shoe his horse.

When the work was done, Richard offered the man a coin. The blacksmith took the coin, looked (13) � it, and, putting it (14) � his fingers, broke it in two. Now it was Richard`s turn to be surprised. He took a larger coin (15) � of his pocket and handed it (16) � to the blacksmith. The man broke it again (17) � the same ease, adding: �This coin is no good, give me a better one!� Richard smiled and, handing the man a gold coin, said: �Your horseshoes are rather expen-sive, my friend, but I am glad to have met a man who is as strong as I am. I should like to have you (18) � my army.�

It is said that the blacksmith joined Richard`s army and fought side (19) � side with the king (20) � many battles.

EXERCIXE XXI.

Correct the mistakes.

1. This book is rather popular at young people.

2. Neil stood under and left the room.

3. Hillary never pays attention on her children.

4. The truck ran in the tree and broke it.

5. The group of students worked up this plan.

6. She always does it in envy.

7. The chidren congratulated their mother of her birthday.

8. Canada borders at the USA in the south.

9. Barry had been ill for a long time and fell after the group.

10. I like to write my impressions on.

EXERCISE XXII.

Put the prepositions in the correct order.

1. We can do cakes for ages without.

2. The road was with covered snow and it was very slippery.

3. The up kittens down jumped and looked very funny.

4. Tim lives in the hotel because his under house is the repair.

5. The manuscripts to belonged old duke Wellington.

6. They told us they would over talk this problem.

7. My fridge is too old and now it is use of out.

8. Sally is always out pointed that she is late.

9. The representative of our firm went on there business.

10. They did after day this boring work day.

EXERCISE XXIII.

Choose the correct answer:

1. We were caught � the storm.

a) in; b) on; c) by; d) at; e) with.

2. We arrived � the station too early.

a) in; b) on; c) by; d) at; e) with.

3. They heard a loud knock � door.

a) in; b) on; c) by; d) at; e) with.

4. Ann was crying � pain when the dentist touched her sore tooth.

a) in; b) out with; c) by; d) with; e) at.

5. The sofa is very convenient � me.

a) in; b) on; c) by; d) for; e) to.

6. Her love � her husband was enormous.

a) in; b) on; c) to; d) with; e) for.

7. It makes no difference � me.

a) in; b) on; c) to; d) for; e) with.

8. Game was always very cruel � his family.

a) in; b) on; c) to; d) for; e) with.

9. It is necessary � him to take this exam.

a) to; b) in; c) on; d) for; e) with.

10. Daniel was always laughing � me when we were children.

a) on; b) at; c) in; d) with; e) for.

EXERCISE XXIV.

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. �� .

2. �� .

3. �� .

4. �� .

5. �� .

6. �� .

7. �� .

8. �� .

9. ĳ�� .

10. �� .

11. �� .

12. �� .

13. �� .

14. �� .

15. �� .

PREPOSITIONS

TEST I

TASK I.

Fill in the correct prepositions:

1. Kathy is � love with Johnny.

2. We always like to play � the open air.

3. They hoped to find his relatives but � vain.

4. We came � the end of the month.

5. He laughed � her and she began to cry.

6. Everybody saw that it was love � first sight.

7. He visited his sick uncle day � day.

8. She went to Sochi � plane.

9. Her father was a surgeon � profession.

10. Alen Delon is famous � his films.

TASK II.

Choose the correct answer:

1. They went � a walk every evening that autumn.

a) for; b) in; c) on.

2. This lady has been waiting � you for two hours.

a) in; b) for; c) at.

3. She was trembling � cold and looked sick.

a) at; b) for; c) from.

4. He prevented her � falling down.

a) from; b) in; c) on.

5. My Granddad always recites poems � memory.

a) on; b) for; c) from.

6. We cut this cake � ten pieces.

a) into; b) on; c) from.

7. He was named � his great grandfather.

a) for; b) after; c) in.

8. She is too tired and wants to lie �

a) near; b) at; c) down.

9. This picture hangs upside � and you should change its posi-tion.

a) down; b) on; c) after.

10. The books are � date. Don�t buy them.

a) into; b) out of; c) over.

TASK III.

Fill in the correct prepositions:

1. Be very attentive and think it �

2. She apologized � her brother for forgetting to buy the ciga-rettes for him.

3. His face was very familiar � me but I couldn�t remind him.

4. We subscribed � five newspapers and two magazines.

5. This house is � repair and we can�t move this month.

6. Don�t wake me � so early because I had a sleepless night.

7. He filled the glass � cold water and slowly drank it.

8. It goes � saying that he always washes dishes.

9. The girl is � here in the sitting room.

10. There was a fire in their house but the children are � danger.

TASK IV.

Translate the expressions in the gaps into English:

1. (�� ) he did everything he could.

2. When we came they were (��) and we were glad to see them.

3. Her sister was a surgeon (�� ) and she was said to be one of the best.

4. Johnny�s hope (�� ) Sarah�s was so strong that he started to write everywhere.

5. Tammy understood that she lost Bob (��).

6. All the things went (�� ) and my parents left Canada.

7. Have you seen Larry? He has just (�� ) flu.

8. She is (�� ) one of the best students of our university.

9. I (��) on mathematics and need some time to learn the material.

10. They (�� ) our return home at once.

TASK V.

Fill in the correct prepositions:

1. � fact he was right but she didn�t want to tell it.

2. They kept it � secret from everybody.

3. He met her � the street but didn�t call her.

4. She went to the cinema � going to the lectures.

5. In our country children go to school � seven.

6. The children threw the stones � crows and laughed.

7. He did it � once without thinking about it.

8. We learn a lot of poems � heart at school.

9. They carried out their research work slowly � step.

10. Harry cared � his children very much as he was a model father.

TASK VI.

Choose the correct answer:

1. Ted was sorry � his behaviour and apologized to his parents.

a) for; b) on; c) of.

2. I have been waiting � you for three hours.

a) in; b) for; c) of.

3. He got the papers somewhere � and gave them to us.

a) from behind; b) from among; c) from on.

4. The situation has got � for the last three days.

a) from good to better; b) from bad to worse; c) from nice to nicer.

5. We were translating the text � French when the principal entered.

a) on; b) in; c) into.

6. The book consisted � twenty units connected with each other.

a) of; b) at; c) from.

7. They are fond � skating very much and append a lot of time on the lake.

a) after; b) on; c) of.

8. It was � his power to help her in this case.

a) down; b) beyond; c) after.

9. Please write it � in your copy books at once.

a) over; b) above; c) down.

10. I know he did it � purpose but I cannot prove it.

a) on; b) at; c) in.

TASK VII.

Fill in the correct prepositions:

1. She is always late � her lessons because she is very absent minded.

2. My twins are so much alike that sometimes I cannot tell them � each other.

3. � his point of view Charlie is not right.

4. We always take � consideration all her remarks.

5. Polly works � morning � night and looks so exhausted.

6. Henry has just recovered � pneumonia and is still rather weak.

7. Don�t forget to remind me � his arrival. I�m going to bake a big cake.

8. I always get rid � my old clothes and give them to Oxfam.

9. They are so proud � their children.

10. After � he is so tired and exhausted and wants to rest.

TASK VIII.

Choose the correct answer:

1. He will always depend � his brother because he has no money.

a) in; b) over; c) on.

2. They found � that she had lost the documents.

a) over; b) above; c) out.

3. She was upset very much because all her dresses were � fashion.

a) out of; b) on in; c) out after.

4. We came here not on holiday but � business.

a) to; b) on; c) at.

5. Our children spend a lot of time � doors and they look well.

a) from above; b) on in; c) out of.

6. You know we must talk it � and then we shall tell you our de-cision.

a) among; b) over; c) above.

7. Nancy apologized � her friend and closed the door.

a) to; b) on; c) at.

8. Larry is always so attentive � his nieces.

a) at; b) to; c) from.

9. This house has been � repair for five years.

a) over; b) after; c) under.

10. She was shaking � fear and was deathly pale.

a) on; b) with; c) in.

TASK IX.

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. �� , � �� .

2. �� .

3. �� .

4. ĳ�� .

5. �� , � �� .

6. ̳�� .

7. �� .

8. �� .

9. �� , �� .

10. �� ? �� , � ��.

11. �� .

12. �� .

13. �� .

14. ̳� �� .

15. �� , �� .

16. �� .

17. �� .

18. ��, �� , �� .

19. �� , �� .

20. �� , �� .

TASK X.

Put in the missing words from the box:

To, at, to, out of, on, in, of, at, to, into, of, into, of, in, of, at, of, for, of, of

� A BORDER STATION

A train stopped (1) � a French border station. The passengers opened their trunks and waited (2) � the inspection (3) � their things. One (4) � the passengers (5) � a first class carriage took a lot (6) � boxes (7) � cigarettes (8) � his trunk and wanted to put them (9) � his pockets. When his pockets were already full (10) � ciga-rettes and he couldn�t put any more (11) � them he said (12) � an-other man who was (13) � window �Will you, please take some (14) � boxes and put them (15) � your pockets? �Why don�t you leave them (16) � your trunk?� asked the other passenger. �Because I don�t want to pay duty (17) � them� answered the first passenger. �All right� said the passenger (18) � the window. �Give them (19) � me. But I must tell you I�ll not return them (20) � you. �Why?� �Because I am a French Customs officer.�

TASK XI.

Choose the correct answer:

1. We came home � night and went to bed at once.

a) in; b) at; c) on.

2. It happened � cold winter day and we couldn�t help him.

a) in; b) at; c) on.

3. The debates were � this urgent problem.

a) by; b) over; c) on.

4. She is the best � mathematics and chemistry.

a) in; b) on; c) at.

5. The bumblebee stung him � the leg when he went barefoot.

a) in; b) on; c) at.

6. The international conference � the problems of disarmament has already started.

a) by; b) over; c) on.

7. He promised he would come � Friday.

a) on; b) at; c) on.

8. The lecturer read the lecture � the problems of natural envi-ronment.

a) by; b) over; c) on.

9. Have you heard? Sally�s dog bit her � hand.

a) in; b) on; c) at.

10. He works too far from home and comes late � night.

a) in; b) at; c) on.

PREPOSITIONS

TEST I�

TASK I.

Fill in the correct prepositions:

1. He kept it � secret from everybody and nobody knew about it.

2. Trees always look very beautiful � spring when they are in blossom.

3. It�s rather cold � Take your coat, please.

4. She was so angry that she left the room � saying good bye.

5. It will be always � us two. I�ll never anybody else about it.

6. She was dressed � blue that day and looked rather smart.

7. The small table was � the corner of the living room.

8. You can find me � at home in the evening.

9. Instead � going home he went to the pub.

10. Speaking frankly � general he is right.

TASK II.

Choose the correct answer:

1. You are too late. This information is � date now.

a) over; b) out of; c) into.

2. We like to go � a walk when the weather is warm.

a) for; b) on; c) at.

3. He came to that place day � day but he never saw this girl again.

a) on; b) at; c) by.

4. Father prevented the child � falling down.

a) from; b) at; c) on.

5. When she the lioness she started to tremble � fear.

a) of; b) at; c) with.

6. They got too tired and decided to lie � a little.

a) up; b) down; c) after.

7. She was named � her aunt and she didn�t like her name.

a) after; b) over; c) into.

8. Let�s divide the bun � half. It�s too big for one person.

a) onto; b) in; c) into.

9. The squirrel looked so funny that children started to laugh � it.

a) at; b) over; c) on.

10. We always like to play � the open air.

a) on; b) at; c) in.

TASK III.

Fill in the correct prepositions :

1. We cannot give the answer at once. We must think it �

2. Where do you see him? � there, in the distance.

3. If you wake me � early I�ll be grateful to you.

4. This man seemed very familiar � me but I couldn�t remind him.

5. I subscribed � �The Times� last week.

6. She filled the glass � cold milk and drank it.

7. My house is � repair and we live in this hotel.

8. It goes � saying that she cooks dinners.

9. Look at this dress. It is � fashion and looks awful.

10. She apologized � him for stepping on his toe.

TASK IV.

Translate the expressions in the gaps into English:

1. Tell me (��) what has happened.

2. He was standing (�� ) for a long time and fell ill.

3. The dogs were barking (��) and he went out.

4. The lion jumped (��) the burning circle.

5. He stepped there (��) and apologized to her.

6. They met (��) ten years later and he hardly recognize her.

7. Betsy did it � her own initiative and the regretted it.

8. The squirrel was deep � the hollow of the tree.

9. I prefer to travel � plane because it is the fastest way of traveling.

10. Everybody saw that it was love �

TASK V.

Fill in the correct prepositions:

1. We always care � our children in this respect.

2. He did very carefully step � step.

3. I don�t like to learn � heart.

4. The doctor came � once after our call.

5. The boy threw the stone � the crow and it flew up.

6. In Britain children go to school � five or four.

7. We left at home � going to the university.

8. She met him � the street but didn�t recognize him.

9. Pamela always keeps everything � secret from her parents.

10 � the way, where is my umbrella?

TASK VI.

Choose the correct answer:

1. What will you do � these circumstances?

a) under; b) over; c) after.

2. Volodymyr Vysotsky was very popular � the people of the USSR.

a) on; b) with; c) at.

3. Hurry � because the train is just on the platform.

a) up; b) on; c) from.

4. He was red � anger and shouted at them.

a) from; b) at; c) with.

5. It is � what to do in this situation. It must be your decision.

a) up to now; b) up to you; c) up to it.

6. It goes � that writes all the articles for the wall newspaper.

a) without saying; b) without words; c) without doubt.

7. I don�t like to speak � people like him. He is always boasting.

a) with; b) of; c) to.

8. When you come we�ll talk it � It is a very serious question.

a) over; b) under; c) after.

9. It was clear � everybody that he was lying.

a) at; b) on; c) to.

10. She was so pleased � this present.

a) with; b) at; c) on.

TASK VII.

Fill in the correct prepositions:

1. We always refer � works in our articles.

a) on; b) to; c) of.

2. You can see the dog � in the yard.

a) over there; b) again and again; c) from under.

3. This scientist is known � everybody in his country

a) at; b) for; c) to.

4. This hair drier is � Will you try to repair it?

a) out of order; b) out use; c) out of question.

5. He looked � the right, then � the left and then he left the porch.

a) in, in; b) at, at; c) on, on.

6. Her brother has been � work for three months.

a) out on; b) out of; c) all over.

7. Jerry was ill for a long time and � the class very much.

a) fall behind; b) fall over; c) fall again.

8. They were listening � the music attentively.

a) on; b) at; c) to.

9. It�s � me to shake his hand. I will never do this.

a) beyond; b) over; c) after.

10. You can never rely � him. He is so oblivious.

a) on; b) at; c) of.

TASK VIII.

Choose the correct answer:

1.The mountains were covered � snow and looked very beau-tiful.

a) over; b) after; c) with.

2. The scientists are satisfied � the results of their work.

a) with; b) on; c) under.

3. The kittens jumped � and children were laughing happily.

a) out of; b) from under; c) up and down.

4. Every yogi can � food for a long time.

a) do without; b) do on; c) over.

5. He says that he has traveled � for the last twenty years.

a) over again; b) all over the world; c) on the world.

6. Mother Theresa was very kind � the mankind.

a) to; b) of; c) on.

7. He was going along the forest picking � all the mushrooms he saw.

a) on; b) at; c) up.

8. Ring me � when you come home. I�ll be waiting for your call.

a) up; b) on; c) over.

9. This face was strange � me and I couldn�t remind it at all.

a) on; b) to; c) at.

10. The truck � tree but luckily the driver left alive.

a) run over; b) run after; c) run on.

TASK IX.

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. �� .

2. �� .

3. �� .

4. ĳ�� .

5. �� ?

6. �� .

7. �� .

8. �� .

9. �� ?

10. �� -�� .

11. �� , �� .

12. �� .

13. ��  ��.

14. �� , �� .

15. �� , �� .

16. ��, �� , �� .

17. ĳ��, �� .

18. �� .

19. �� .

20. �� , �� , � ��.

TASK X.

Put in the words from the box:

Down, in, at, off, out of, at, of, into, off, to, with, on, to, of, instead, on, in, by, in, about, in

A Frenchman, an Englishman and an American were boasting (1) � how fast the trains go (2) � their countries. The Frenchman said �(3) � my country the trains go so fast that the telegraph posts (4) � the line look like the a garden fence.� The Englishman said �(5) � England the trains go so fast that we have to pour water (6) � the wheels to cool them because they get white hot and could melt.�

The American said �That�s nothing. You must come (7) � Amer-ica to see how fast the trains go there. I was once leaving (8) � a trip and my wife came (9) � me to see me (10) � I got (11) � the train and was standing (12) � the window (13) � my compartment. I wanted to give a kiss (14) � my wife as the train was just starting. So I leant (15, 16) � the window (17) � my compartment to give her a kiss. But the train went (18, 19) � such a speed that (20) � I kissed a cow (21) � a field six miles (22) � the line.

TASK XI.

Choose the correct answer:

1. She left � the afternoon without saying good bye.

a) in; b) on; c) at.

2. Monty arrived � a cold winter day and we were very glad to see him.

a) at; b) on; c) in.

3. � last he reminded all the facts and wrote them down not to forget them again.

a) in; b) on; c) at.

4. They went to Paris � train because they liked it.

a) by; b) on; c) in.

5. The weather was rather warm and we decided to go � a walk.

a) at; b) on; c) for.

6. He knew a lot of poems and liked to recite them � memory.

a) for; b) from; c) on.

7. She left the country � at the age of ten when her parents went to America.

a) in; b) in; c) at.

8. We didn�t know what to do � these circumstances and asked him for a piece of advice.

a) under; b) at; c) by.

9. Lanny loved is Granny � all his heart and wanted to help her.

a) at; b) with; c) by.

10. They always keep everything � secret.

a) on; b) at; c) in.

Key

NOUNS

(KEY)

EXERCISE I.

Glasses; pianos; heroes; cuckoos; brushes; bushes; cargoes; photos; echoes; boxes; solos; foxes; tomatoes; benches; potatoes; lunches; schoolgirls; sons-in-law.

EXERCISE II.

1) videos, pianos, radios; 2) sopranos; 3) studios; 4) tattoos; 5) photos; 6) kilos; 7) memos; 8) discos; 9) zoos; 10) autos.

EXERCISE III.

Hero; valley; bush; leaf; woman; piano; child; hen, box, lion, photo, spy, week, plum, cherry, zoo, disco, beach, memo, lie, pie, tattoo, kilo.

EXERCISE IV.

1) are; 2) are; 3) is; 4) is; 5) are; 6) is; 7) are; 8) are; 9) is; 10) is.

EXERCISE V.

Cats; houses; children; mice; cucumbers; knives; boots; plums; rooms; countries.

EXERCISE VI.

Armchair; photo; cow; school; enemy; key; kiss; wife; loaf; ox; man; tooth; girl; person.

EXERCISE VII.

Flies; donkeys; keys, days; cities; monkeys; toys; ladies; plays; armies; boys; spies; cries; pities, skies, dragonflies, butterflies.

EXERCISE VIII.

Roofs; kerchiefs; wives; muffs; knives; chiefs; lives; leaves; proofs; thieves; calves; halves; shelves; wolves; loaves.

EXERCISE IX.

1) knives; 2) muffs; 3) roofs; 4) leaves; 5) kilos; 6) sopranos; 7) studios; 8) zoos; 9) tattoos; 10) memos; 11) pianos; 12) radios; 13) photos; 14) videos; 15) cuckoos.

EXERCISE X.

1) swarm; 2) congregation; 3) herd; 4) flock; 5) flock; 6) team; 7) bunch; 8) bundle; 9) bundle; 10) fleet; 11) crew; 12) staff; 13) library; 14) swarm; 15) audience; 16) army; 17) pack; 18) shoal.

EXERCISE XI.

1) herd; 2) harem; 3) school; 4) town; 5) pride; 6) pod; 7) run; 8) gaggle; 9) troop; 10) litter.

EXERCISE XII.

Choice; anger; courage; hope; excitement; help; hunger; kindness; noise; quietness; sleep; weakness; youth; terror; readiness; comfort; happiness; ease; truth; variety; presence; anxiety; gladness; heat; wonder; width; length; depth; height; absence; clearance; cleverness; cold; darkness; death; friend-ship; goodness; hardship; loneliness; beauty; fright; care; strength; broad-ness; health; wealth; whiteness; ugliness; cowardice; bravery; cruelty; mean-ness; generosity, description; joy; life; belief; opposite; lender.

EXERCISE XIII.

Tigress; princess; lioness; countess; woman; cow; duck; landlady; goose; widow; duchess; heiress; sow; heroine; goddess; nun; spinster; ewe; hostess; queen; waitress; niece; mare.

EXERCISE XIV.

Waiter; king; father-in-law; bridegroom; host; steward; brother; nephew; horse; cock (rooster); boy; hero; uncle; son; bachelor; heir; ram; god; monk; boar.

EXERCISE XV.

1) Bob�s father; 2) my brother�s book; 3) the girls� cat; 4) her sister�s child; 5) the colonel�s order; 6) my mother�s room; 7) my family�s garden; 8) the boys� trousers the bird�s cage; 10) Ann�s hamster; 11) children�s pets; 12) my aunt�s sister; 13) my brother�s money; 14) my great grandmother�s cat.

EXERCISE XVI.

1. He is a widower and he wants to get married. 2.Where is the hostess? In the room upstairs. 3. This bride is so ugly. 4. What interesting news! Is it burning? 5. Where is your new furniture? It is in the sitting room. 6. The li-oness roared at the lion cub. 7. The widow bought a flock of sheep. 8. The princess called her maidservant. 9. The duke brought the necklace. 10. The queen ordered the roast duck. 11. The landlady bought a herd of white oxen. 12. The actor and the actress performed wonderfully. 13. A swarm of bees was flying to the forest. 14. A pack of wild dogs ate two deer. 15. The flock of white sheep was led by the goat. 16. The staff of this hospital is wonder-ful. 17. The crew of the ship rebelled. 18. The bundle of dirty laundry was brought yesterday. 19. The audience listened to the concert very attentively. 20. Take this bundle of sticks. 21. This is the queen�s nephew and the duch-ess�s grandson. 22. This rice is so tasty. Give me some more, please. 23. Our photos were brought yesterday. 24. The crowd was carrying placards. 25. The gander is too fat, bring me the roast duck. 26. The earl bought a white mare. 27. These yellow balls are Katherine�s and blue ballons are Pete�s. 28. Everybody knows that Terry is John�s uncle. 29. We saw Tom�s castle and we liked it. 30. This basket is the aunt�s, don�t take it.

EXERCISE XVII.

1) is; 2) have; 3) �; 4) are; 5) was; 6) was; 7) are; 8) has; 9) was; 10) has.

EXERCISE XVIII.

1. The doctor asked the nurse to bring his glasses. They are on the table. 2. Where are my tweezers? Bring them, please. 3. This cloth feels soft and pleasant. 4. His knowledge of French is bad. 5. Your advice is wonderful. I shall use it. 6. She asked where her jeans were. 7. The police have been al-ready there. 8. Are these grapes tasty? Please, pass them to me. 9. Your clothes are in the closet (wardrobe). 10. My pyjamas are on the chair. 11. His courage is known to the whole army. 12. Irene had wonderful golden hair.

It was long and curly. 13. The contents of this novel are not interesting.

14. I forgot the pliers on the table. Please, bring them. 15. Money is the goods and the goods are the production. 16. This information has turned to be old. 17. Your tights are very nice. 18. Where did you buy these breeches? 19. Is this chalk white or grey? 20. This is an interesting news. Where did your hear it?

EXERCISE XIX.

1) are; 2) is; 3) is; 4) are; 5) are; 6) is; 7) are; 8) is; 9) are; 10) are;

11) are; 12) are; 13) is; 14) is; 15) are; 16) are.

EXERCISE XX.

1. The cats caught the mice 2. The leaves fell from the tree. 3. The men and the women went to the cinema. 4. The children saw the sheep in the field. 5. The feet of the deer crushed the flowers. 6. These sheep have white wool, those sheep have black wool. 7. The bookcases are made of oak. 8. The armies went into the battle. 9. I have invited my sisters-in-law for dinner. 10. He dropped pennies in the beggar�s hats.

EXERCISE XXI.

1) are; 2) are; 3) are; 4) is; 5) are; 6) are; 7) is; 8) are; 9) are; 10) is;

11) are; 12) are; 13) are; 14) is; 15) are.

EXERCISE XXII.

1) three hour; 2) a twenty dollar; 3) a nine room; 4) a cat food; 5) guest; 6) three day; 7) vegetable; 8) a two year; 9) a two day; 10) a twenty dollar; 11) vegetable; 12) guest; 13) student; 14) fruit; 15) dog.

EXERCISE XXIII.

1. is; 2. are; 3. is; 4. is; 5. is; 6. are; 7. are; 8. is; 9. are; 10. are; 11. is; 12. are; 13. use; 14. give; 15. is.

EXERCISE XXIV.

1. Most of the students go to London. 2. My scissors aren�t sharp enough. 3. Half of the girls made their hair-does. 4. Don�t buy bananas. This fruit goes rotten quickly in hot weather. 5. There are too many beans in this salad. 6. This pie isn�t tasty. There are very few prunes in it. 7. This ice cream tastes delicious. There are many apricots and few raisins in it. 8. This four-hour exam was too difficult for him. 9. Here you have a hundred dollar bill for your present. 10. I am going to buy a twenty-room house. 11. Do you al-ways buy dog food? � Yes, I do. 12. She has a three-year-old son and the boy is very naughty. 13. The blind always use the guide dogs. 14. Finnish isn�t difficult, is it? No, it is. 15. The old are very curious. 16. The poor in Sweden aren�t afraid for their future. 17. The Chinese are very industrious people. 18. The English always speak about the weather. 19. The United Kingdom of Great Britain is an island country. 20. A great number of stu-dents are absent today.

EXERCISE XXV.

1) phenomena; 2) symposia; 3) analyses; 4) bacteria; 5) cacti; 6) data; 7) formulae; 8) axis; 9) crises; 10) theses.

EXERCISE XXVI.

1) have moved; 2) red � brick; 3) sheep farmers; 4) twenty five year old; 5) house door; 6) the house windows; 7) hundred year old; 8) guest room;

9) an old fashioned; 10) like; 11) vegetable salad; 12) three day; 13) dog food; 14) cat food; 15) back.

EXERCISE XXVII.

1) Do you know what are the biggest zoos of the world? 2) She is fond of tattoos and made new ones. 3) We bought twenty kilos of sugar to cook jam. 4) This news is very pleasant and it pleased us. 5) His knowledge is the best in the group and he is the smartest student. 6) There was a lot of chalk on the table and we took it out. 7) The margin in the copy � book was wide and he started writing. 8) Where are our scissors? We want to have them sharpened. 9) The police have come and started to work. 10) The stairs were steep and it was difficult for the old lady to climb them up. 11) She sent him his belong-ings last week. 12) The knives can get rusty when they are put into the water. 13) The old man had two loaves of bread in his hands. 14) There were three safes in the office and they had their cash there. 15) There were two new kerchiefs on the table and she put four more. 16) The herd of elephants went slowly along the jungle. 17) The gaggle of geese went across the road

and we stopped it. 18) The school of sharks were floating near the sinking ship. 19) This famous actress worked as a waitress when she was young.

20) Valentyna Tereshkova is a famous woman cosmonaut. 21) She has been the host of this programme for a long time. 22) His bride went to Africa last year. 23) There are too many raisins in this salad. 24) I don�t like this ice � cream. There are too many cherries in it. 25) Twenty dollars is a very

big sum for him. 26) Two hundred miles is a large distance. 27) Japanese is too difficult for learning. 28) The Koreans are very industrious. 29) Her col-lection of cacti is much better than mine. 30) The blind always have guide dogs. 31) The rich have a lot of problems which cannot be solved. 32) It is very hard for the poor to live in our country. 33) These formulae were stolen from this scientist. 34) These phenomena are very interesting and we shall observe them.

ARTICLES

(KEY)

EXERCISE I.

1. a; 2. a; 3. �; 4. a; 5. �; 6. �; 7. a; 8. an; 9. an; 10. a; 11. �; 12. �; 13. � ; 14. a; 15. a.

EXERCISE II.

1. the; 2. the; 3. a; 4. the, the; 5. a, the; 6. a; 7. a; 8. the, a; 9. an; 10. the; 11. the; 12. a; 13. a; 14. the; 15. the; 16. a; 17. �; 18. a; 19. the; 20. a.

EXERCISE III.

1. � ;2. the; 3. the; 4. an; 5. an; 6. the; 7. the; 8. � ;9.the; 10. a; 11. a; 12. the; 13. a; 14. the; 15. the.

EXERCISE IV.

1. �, � ; 2. the; 3. the; 4. �; 5. the; �; 6. the; 7. �; 8. the, the; 9. the;

10. the; the; 11. �; 12. �; 13. the; 14. �; 15 the; 16. the; 17. � 18. �; 19. the; 20. the.

EXERCISE V.

1. �; 2. the; 3. �; 4. �; �; 5. the; 6. �; 7. the; 8. the; 9. the; 10. �;

11. the; 12. �; 13. the, the; 14. �; 15. �, the.

EXERCISE VI.

1. �; 2. �; 3. the; 4. the; 5. �; 6. �; 7. �, � ; 8. the; 9. �; 10. �.

EXERCISE VII.

1. �; 2. �; 3. �; 4. �; 5. a; 6. �; 7. a; 8. a; 9. �; 10. a.

EXERCISE VIII.

1. �; 2. a; 3. a; 4. �; 5. the; 6. the; 7. a; 8. �; 9. �; 10. �.

EXERCISE IX.

1. Sue is a very talented girl. 2. His father is a physicist and his mother is a doctor. 3. We�ll return in an hour and solve this problem. 4. Tony is reading a detective novel. 5. What a nice day! 6. Did you read the book I told you? 7. Give me an apple. 8. Is this the girl we met yesterday? 9. The whale is a large mammal. 10. The jackal belongs to the dog�s family.

11. This is such a tasty pie. 12. The weather is nice today. 13.They say that habit makes character. 14. This is a large room and it is rather light.

15. She wasn�t the Olia I knew ten years ago. 16. The Smiths are a very nice and friendly family. 17. I am reading a Conan Doyle now. 18. David always differs from the rest of the Browns. 19. He felt like a Tom Soyer. 20. There were a lot of books and she saw a Sheldon. 21. Canada is situ-ated in North America. 22.Paris is a capital of France. 23. Paul is going to the Kameroon. 24. They spent their holidays in the Tyrol. 25. The ship was in the Indian Ocean when the crew rebelled. 26. The Nile is one of the largest rivers in the world. 27. He had been catching the snakes in the Kara Kum. 28. Oceania is the smallest continent. 29. We went to Cyprus last summer. 30. St. James�s Park is just opposite Buckingham Palace. 31. We saw two performances in the Colliseum. 32. The Tretiakov Gallery has a nice collection of portraits. 33. Father always reads the Times on his week-ends. 34. When Sarah has a sore throat she always uses Strepsills.

35. Alfred had caught flue and hadn�t done his work. 36. She was invi-

ted to dinner and stayed. 37. I want to say that it was a special supper.

38. I bought a ready-made lunch and stayed in the office. 39. It was an early spring but the chestnuts were all in blossom. 40. It was a hot tropical night and it smelt flowers.

EXERCISE X.

1. �; 2. the; 3. the; 4. the; 5. �, �; 6. a; 7. the; 8. �; 9. the; 10. the;

11. the; 12. the; 13. the; 14. the; 15. the.

EXERCISE XI.

1) �, �, �; 2) �; 3) an, �, the; 4) �, the, the; 5) a, the, the; 6) a;

7) �; 8) a, �; 9) the; 10) �; 11) the; 12) the; 13) the; 14) the; 15) the;

16) �, �, �; 17) �, the, �; 18) the, the; 19) a, the; 20) a; 21) a; 22) �; 23) the; 24) �, �.

EXERCISE XII.

1) the; 2) the; 3) �, �, 4) a; 5) the; 6) the; 7) the; 8) the; 9) the;

10) the, 11) the, 12) the; 13) a; 14) the, 15) the.

EXERCISE XIII.

a; the; the; �; �; a; �; the; the; a; the; the; a; the; the; a; a.

EXERCISE XIV.

a; a; �; �; the; a; a; the; the; the; the; the; the; the; the; the; a; a;

the; �.

EXERCISE XV.

�; �; �; the; the; the; the; the; the; the; the; the; �; the; �; the; the; �; the; �; the; the; the; the; a; �; the; �; a; the; the; the; an; the; the; an; the; the; the; the; �; the.

EXERCISE XVI.

A PICTURE OF A MUSHROOM

One day a Frenchman, who was travelling in Sweden, came to a restau-rant. The Frenchman didn�t know Swedish and nobody could speak French at the restaurant. He wanted to have some mushrooms for his breakfast; so he called a waiter and asked him to bring some mushrooms. But the waiter couldn�t understand what the Frenchman wanted.

Then the Frenchman took a piece of paper and a pencil and drew a pic-ture of a mushroom. The waiter looked at the picture and left the room at once.

Five minutes later he returned with an umbrella.

EXERCISE XVII.

a; a; a; �; a; the; the; the; an; the; the; an; the; the; the; the; the;

the; the.

EXERCISE XVIII.

a; a; the; the; �; the; the; the; the; the; �; the; the; the.

EXERCISE XIX.

An; �; �; a; the; the; �; the; the; the; the; the; the.

EXERCISE XX.

1) �; 2) an; 3) �; 4) the; 5) �; 6) the; 7) �; 8) �; 9) a; 10) a;

11) �; 12) the; 13) �; 14) the; 15) a; 16) the; 17) the; 18) the; 19) �; 20) �; 21) the; 22) �; 23) �; 24) �; 25) �; 26) the; 27) �; 28) �; 29) �; 30) a; 31) the; 32) �; 33) �; 34) �; 35) �; 36) �; 37) �;

38) the; 39) �.

EXERCISE XXI.

1) I visited the Tretiakov Gallery last year. 2) Honey is always sweet.

3) They say weather can influence the mood of a person. 4) There is a book on the table. 5) He became as rich as a Monte Cristo. 6) Now she is not the Olia I knew ten years ago. 7) Most of the students went home. 8) She bought a dozen eggs. 9) The moon appeared in the sky. 10) This is the house we bought last year. 11) They saw a lion and an ostrich in the zoo. 12) They say love is blind. 13) We are planning to stay at the Browns.

14) They left school last year. 15) She likes to stay at the Savoy Hotel.

16) Brazil produces the best coffee. 17) Africa and Australia are washed by the Indian Ocean. 18) She was the only person I could ask. 19) Do you play the violin? No, I play the piano. 20) The English Channel is between England and France.

EXERCISE XXII.

1) a; 2) c; 3) c; 4) c; 5) c; 6) c; 7) c; 8) c; 9) c; 10) c; 11) c; 12) a; 13) a; 14) b; 15) c.

PRONOUNS

(KEY)

EXERCISE I.

1) he; 2) them; 3) her; 4) it; 5) me; 6) we; 7) I; 8) we; 9) them; 10) he.

EXERCISE II.

1. his; 2. hers; 3. ours; 4. mine; 5. ours; 6. his; 7. mine; 8. his; 9. yours; 10. theirs.

EXERCISE III.

1. him; 2. her; 3. us; 4. me; 5. them; 6. him; 7. us; 8. me; 9. her; 10. him; 11. yours; 12. theirs; 13. hers; 14. his; 15. mine.

EXERCISE IV.

1. himself; 2. itself; 3. themselves; 4. himself; 5. herself; 6. himself;

7. itself; 8. yourself; 9. themselves; 10. ourselves.

EXERCISE V.

1. himself; 2. themselves; 3. herself; 4. myself; 5. itself; 6. yourself;

7. themselves; 8. himself; 9. ourselves; 10. herself.

EXERCISE VI.

1. herself; 2. myself; 3. themselves; 4. himself; 5. yourself; 6. themselves; 7. myself; 8. himself; 9. themselves; 10. ourselves; 11. herself; 12. himself; 13. themselves; 14. herself; 15. myself.

EXERCISE VII.

1. We haven�t seen them for two years. 2. Her new car is very expensive. 3. I cannot help him. I have little time. 4. This book is not ours. Ours was newer. 5. This is not your trunk, it�s his. 6. Have you left your pen? Take mine. 7. Is this seat yours? Ours is taken. 8. Are these drawings hers or theirs? 9. The cat always washes itself. 10. I wish you could see yourself in the mirror. 11. People who live alone often talk to themselves. 12. He lifted himself up with his hands and climbed over the fence. 13. If you play with the knife, you can cut yourself. 14.When the petrol runs out in this car, it will stop itself. 15. The boys fell down the hill and hurt themselves. 16. She said that she didn�t know about it.

EXERCISE VIII.

1. these letters; 2. those hills; 3. these books; 4. these wallets; 5. these boxes; 6. those pictures; 7. these ideas; 8.those armchairs; 9. these boxes;

10. those slippers.

EXERCISE IX.

1.We haven�t any guests today. 2.Will you give me any pens? 3. The doctor didn�t give her any medicine. 4. Have you bought any envelopes to-day? 5. Is there any news he wants to tell you? 6. Do we need any lemons for the cake? 7. They don�t read any English books. 8. Are there any sheep in the yard? 9. We don�t see any cats near the rubbish box. 10. Do they keep any tools in the box?

EXERCISE X.

1. any; 2. some; 3. some; 4. any; 5. some; 6. any; 7. some; 8. some;

9. any; 10. any.

EXERCISE XI.

1) Are there any roses in the vase? 2) He didn�t have any documents to prepare. 3) Do we need any apples to buy today? 4) They didn�t translate any books from Japanese. 5) They didn�t put any milk into their coffee. 6) Did we buy any new furniture? 7) He doesn�t need any money for the redecoration.

8) Did the children make any new puppets for their performance? 9) There isn�t any juice in the glass. 10) We don�t have any new photos to show you.

EXERCISE XII.

1) We have never had any problems with our son. 2) Tom wanted to buy a few oranges. 3) Give me, please a few stamps. 4) Pour me, please a little milk into the coffee. 5) We have never had any problems with our car.

6) They bought a few new houses. 7) Do you have any lemons? 8) I see some sheep on the hill. 9) Can you give me some advice? 10) Don�t give him any money because he will spend it.

EXERCISE XIII.

1. something; 2. anything; 3. anybody; 4.nobody; 5. somebody; 6. some-thing; 7. nobody; 8. anybody; 9. something; 10. somebody; 11. anywhere; 12. somewhere; 13. nowhere; 14. anybody; 15. nothing; 16. nobody.

EXERCISE XIV.

1) somebody; 2) something; 3) somewhere; 4) anybody; 5) anybody;

6) something; 7) anybody; 8) something; 9) anything; 10) anywhere;

11) anybody; 12) something; 13) anybody; 14) somewhere; 15) something.

EXERCISE XV.

1. every; 2. every; 3. everybody, everything; everybody; 3. everything;

5. any; 6. everything, anything; 7. everything; 8. anything; 9. every; 10. eve-rybody.

EXERCISE XVI.

1) Has anybody seen the children? 2) We cannot find this book any-where. 3) Somebody is walking on the hill. 4) Is there anything to eat in the fridge? 5) There was something big on the table. 6) I have put my pencil somewhere and cannot find it. 7) Somebody was walking in the garden and singing a song. 8) Have you seen anything interesting at the exhibition?

9) Call anybody else to help us. 10) Have you anything interesting to read?

EXERCISE XVII.

1. none; 2. nothing; 3. nothing; 4. none; 5. none; 6. nobody; 7. nothing;

8. nobody; 9. nothing; 10. none.

EXERCISE XVIII.

1) none; 2) nothing; 3) auven�t � anything; 4) nobody; 5) nowhere;

6) didn�t anybody; 7) nothing; 8) nowhere; 9) can�t � anybody; 10) nobody.

EXERCISE XIX.

1. There was somebody in the corridor. 2. He knew he could go some-where else. 3. The night was so light that we saw something in the darkness. 4. We shall read something more interesting; 5. Somebody has finished this exercise. 6. This quarrel will lead to somewhere. 7. Did anything grow in her beds because she planted something this year? 8. He hasn�t changed so much and everybody recognizes him. 9. Did they do anything to help us in this situation? 10. Can you see anything out of here?

EXERCISE XX.

1) When we looked outside there was nobody there. 2) I think nothing se-rious has happened. 3) Children can be seen nowhere. They may have run to play outside. 4) The fridge is empty, there is nothing there. 5) Nobody knew how to do this exercise. 6) I know nothing about this family. 7) He has been going nowhere lately. 8) There was nobody in the classroom. 9) He brought nothing interesting. 10) None of us knew what to do.

EXERCISE XXI.

1) ones; 2) one; 3) ones; 4) one; 5) ones; 6) one; 7) one; 8) one;

9) ones; 10) ones.

EXERCISE XXII.

1.These trees were planted last year. 2.This room is three times as large as ours. 3.Those mountains are too far away. 4. That picture reminded me of my childhood. 5. I know every student in this group. 6. None of the guests asked her. 7. He never argues with anybody. 8. They understood nothing of what he had said. 9. Would you like something to eat?

10. Somebody is ringing near the door. Open the door. 11. There is some-body in the next room. 12. He knows something about this. 13. I don�t have any tickets. 14. Put some water into the vase, the flowers are dying (wilting). 15. Benson never gives any money to his wife. 16. The doctor gave me some medicine for my cough. 17. Is it that woman? Which one? The one in the green dress. 18. Do you know the Browns? Are they the ones who live in the opposite house? 19. Pass me the apple please. Which one? The red one. 20. Which sweater do you like? The yellow one.

21. None of them knew about it. 22. I think that nothing had happened.

23. When he came into the room there was nobody there. 24. It was so dark that we saw nothing.

EXERCISE XXIII.

1) many; 2) a lot of; 3) much; 4) a lot of; 5) much; 6) a lot of; 7) a lot of; 8) many; 9) much; 10) a lot of; 11) a lot of; 12) a lot of; 13) many; 14) much; 15) a lot of.

EXERCISE XXIV.

1) few; 2) little; 3) few; 4) few; 5) little; 6) a little; 7) a few; 8) a few; 9) a little; 10) little.

EXERCISE XXV.

1. We have seen a lot of interesting things this summer. 2. I have only a few new books. 3. Very few tourists were in the Crimea last summer. 4. Give me a little milk, please. 5. He has few clients. He has too little experience.

6. A lot of scientists came to this symposium. 7. They bought a few new desks. 8. There were a lot of cakes at the party. 9. I bought a few new dresses. 10. There is little sugar in this coffee.

EXERCISE XXVI.

1) another; 2) the other; 3) another; 4) other; 5) another; 6) another;

7) the others; 8) another; 9) others; 10) the other.

EXERCISE XXVII.

1) either; 2) neither; 3) both; 4) either; 5) both; 6) either; 7) neither;

8) both; 9) either; 10) neither, both.

EXERCISE XXVIII.

1) both; 2) either; 3) both; 4) neither; 5) either, both; 6) either;

7) either, both; 8) neither; 9) either, both; 10) both.

EXERCISE XXIX.

1) both; 2) all; 3) all; 4) all; 5) both; 6) all; 7) all; 8) both; 9) all; 10) all; 11) all; 12) all; 13) half; 14) both; 15) all.

EXERCISE XXX.

1) his; 2) he; 3) eyes; 4) his; 5) he; 6) his; 7) he; 8) his; 9) his;

10) both; 11) each other; 12) nobody; 13) everybody; 14) himself; 15) his.

EXERCISE XXXI.

1. None of them wanted to loose his chance. 2. My aunt bought the house in Florida last year. 3. Give them this book. They must do their homework. 4. This house is rather small. Ours is bigger. 5. There is a page missing in this book. Take ours. 6. It is not their pen, it is ours. Theirs is on the table.

7. He cut himself while shaving. 8. The hunter wounded himself. It is an ac-cident. 9. They do everything themselves. 10. Everybody should know this rule. 11. You must put everything into the trunk and give it to me. 12. None of us knew what had happened in the wood. 13. Is anybody at home today? 14. Nothing can be seen out of this window. It is so dirty. 15. Where is my wallet? It is somewhere in the bag. 16. They didn�t invite anybody to their party. 17. Where is Petro? I cannot find him anywhere. 18. He does every-thing to finish his work in time. 19. We can do nothing to help him. 20. This dress is the best. Which one? The green one. 21. She likes these shoes very much. Which ones? The brown ones. 22. Have you any money? Yes, a little. 23. Do you have any new books? Yes, a few. 24. Here are two cakes, one is for you, the other is for Kate. 25. This apple is bad, take another one.

26. Here you can see a lot of cars. Some are new, others are old.

EXERCISE XXXII.

1) c; 2) a; 3) c; 4) a; 5) b; 6) c; 7) a; 8) a; 9) b; 10) c; 11) b; 12) b; 13) b; 14) a; 15) b.

ADJECTIVES

(KEY)

EXERCISE I.

1) this; 2) that; 3) those; 4) these; 5) this; 6) those; 7) these; 8) this;

9) these; 10) those.

EXERCISE II.

1) every; 2) each; 3) each; 4) neither; 5) either; 6) neither; 7) each;

8) every; 9) either; 10) each, every; 11) either; 12) every; 13) each;

14) either; 15) neither.

EXERCISE III.

1) little; 2) few; 3) any; 4) no; 5) any; 6) many; 7) any; 8) one; 9) any; 10) few; 11) some; 12) no; 13) few; 14) no; 15) little; 16) few; 17) no;

18) much; 19) many; 20) twenty.

EXERCISE IV.

1) its; 2.their; 3) our; 4) her; 5) your; your; 6) its, its; 7) her; 8) his, his; 9) our; 10) your; 11) their; 12) my; 13) her; 14) his; 15) my; 16) its; 17) my;

18) our; 19) her; 20) your.

EXERCISE V.

1) young; 2) golden; 3) round, big; 4) cool; 5) big, blue; 6) new; 7) fat; 8) thin, tall; 9) red, yellow; 10) silver; 11) oval, golden; 12) hot; 13) thin; 14) cool, dull; 15) old, dirty; 16) tall, slim; 17) heavy; 18) leather; 19) Japa-nese; 20) tall, fat.

EXERCISE VI.

1) candle-lit; 2) long playing; 3) quick-witted; 4) a hundred year old;

5) two hour; 6) ten minute; 7) second hand; 8) the nineteenth century; 9) first rate; 10) 10 pound, 11) a two litre jar, 12) six hundred year old, 13) a six foot, 14) three day, 15) a first rate, 16) a third floor, 17) second hand,

18) eighteenth century, 19) grey haired, 20) long playing, 21) kind hearted, 22) quick-witted, 23) two litre jar, 24) six foot hole, 25) second hand cars.

EXERCISE VII.

1) twice as long. 2) half as much. 3) half as much again. 4) three times as high. 5) one third of the length. 6) twice as sweet. 7) twice as sour. 8) twice as old. 9) twice as large. 10) twice as wide. 11) one hundred books more.

12) fifty pages less. 13) half the price of. 14) twice as long. 15) one fifth

of size.

EXERCISE VIII.

1. These books were bought last summer. 2. This house is twice as much. 3. Look at those vegetables, they are so nice. 4. I like neither shops. 5. Each student takes written tests. 6. There were twenty girls in that group. 7. There are not many peach tree in my orchid. 8. I�ve bought some sugar for the cakes. 9.Those problems are only mine 10. His gloves are on the ta-ble. Take them away. 11. Our compositions have been already checked.

12. He always liked her long golden hair. 13. This house is new but it has been built so badly. 14. All the rooms of this palace are oval and square. 15. It was a cool spring day. 16. The sun shone in the blue sky. 17. He was presented a Swiss watch. 18. They say that Japanese TV-sets are the best. 19. It was a fat, kind � hearted woman. 20. Their son�s name was Bobby. It was a nice two � year old boy. 21. It was a long three-hour journey which made them extremely tired. 22. She was always fond of eighteenth century novels. 23. Their two hundred year old palace is very nice and we are going to buy it. 24. This three hour meeting made me very tired.

25. My ten dollar T-shirt looks better than her one hundred dollar one.

26. The lake in the forest is twice as large as the one in the park.

27. Dad�s gloves are twice as warm. 28. This park is half the size of ours. 29. This T- shirt is one third the price on sale. 30. My room is half the width of yours. 31. These rooms are five times as high. 32. This street is twice as clean. 33. My brother is half as young as I am. 34. The new road is one of length of the old one. 35. Our house is twice as high as theirs.

36. These vegetebles are twice as clean. 37. Her dress is twice as beautiful as mine. 38. Your fishing � rod is half as long. 39. Our yard is three times as wide. 40. His car is twice as new.

EXERCISE IX.

Old � older � the oldest; pretty � prettier � the prettiest; young � younger � the youngest; cold � colder � the coldest; cheap � cheaper � the cheapest; big � bigger � the biggest; fat � fatter � the fattest; thin � thinner � the thinnest; large � larger � the largest; hot � hotter � the hottest; wet- wetter � the wettest; funny � funnier � the funniest; good � better � the best; far � farther � the farthest; small � smaller � the smallest; long � longer � the longest; lazy � lazier � the laziest; warm �warmer � the warmest; dark � darker � the darkest; short � shorter � the shortest; heavy � heavier � the heaviest; easy � easier � the easiest; difficult � more difficult � the most difficult; important � more impor-tant � the most important; intelligent � more intelligent � the most intel-ligent; beautiful � more beautiful � the most beautiful; expensive � more expensive � the most expensive; strong � stronger � the strongest; inter-esting � more interesting � the most interesting; famous � more fa-mous � the most famous; comfortable � more comfortable � the most famous; nervous � more nervous � the most nervous; happy � happier � the happiest; sweet � sweeter � the sweetest; high � higher � the high-est; tall � taller � the tallest.

EXERCISE X.

1) the funniest; 2) simplier; 3) the youngest; 4) warmer; 5) the coldest;

6) smaller; 7) heavier; 8) hotter; 9) smarter; 10) softer; 11) taller; 12) the quietest; 13) stronger; 14) longer; 15) the shortest; 16) the nearest; 17) the kindest; 18) milder; 19) lazier; 20) angrier; 21) the happiest.

EXERCISE XI.

1) more dangerous; 2) the most beautiful; 3) more interesting; 4) more fashionable; 5) the most intelligent; 6) more difficult; 7) the most roman-tic; 8) the most wonderful; 9) more curious; 10) the most wonderful;

11) more delicious; 12) the most dangerous; 13) the most difficult;

14) the most interesting; 15) more romantic; 16) the most curious; 17) the most beautiful; 18) more intelligent; 19) the most fashionable; 20) the most difficult.

EXERCISE XII.

1) more tired; 2) the most surprised; 3) more crowded; 4) more amused; 5) the most annoyed; 6) the most bored; 7) more tired; 8) more bored; 9) the most surprised; 10) the most crowded; 11) more surprised; 12) the most bored; 13) more annoyed; 14) more tired; 15) more crowded; 16) more amused.

EXERCISE XIII.

1) pleasanter (more pleasant); 2) narrower (more narrow); 3) the clev-erest (the most clever); 4) the stupidest (the most stupid); 5) the politest

(the most polite); 6) narrower (more narrow); 7) the politest (the most

polite); 8) cleverer (more clever); 9) the pleasantiest (the most plea-

sant); 10) the most stupid (the stupidiest); 11) the narrowest (the most narrow); 12) the cleverest (the most clever); 13) the most stupid (the stu-pidiest); 14) the politest (the most polite); 15) the most pleasant (the pleasantiest).

EXERCISE XIV.

1) the fattest; 2) the wettest; 3) the hottest; 4) biggest; 5) sadder; 6) flatter;

7) thinner, 8) hotter; 9) thinner, bigger; 10) the saddest; 11) the flattest;

12) bigger; 13) the wettest; 14) hotter; 15) fatter.

EXERCISE XV.

2) the smallest; 3) the oldest; 4) elder; 5) the farthest; 6) more; 7) the coldest; 8) the worst; 9) the least; 10) better; 11) more; 12) the eldest; 13) the smallest; 14) elder; 15) the oldest.

EXERCISE XVI.

1) is a lot of snow; 2) many armchairs; 3) are twice as many; 4) the smartest; 5) the most crowded; 6) fatter, bigger; 7) the worst; 8) the best; 9) the most tired; 10) more beautiful.

EXERCISE XVII.

1) bad; 2) thin to gain; 3) thinner; 4) old, smallest; 5) the coldest; 6) nar-row, dirty; 7) the cruelest; 8) late; 9) easy, and; 10) poor.

EXERCISE XVIII.

1) There were high mounrains in that area. 2) The river was very deep and we were afraid to dive. 3) Tammy bought a lovely dress. 4) The deer sniffed the fresh air and looked around. 5) They had five difficult tests but they managed to do them. 6) The elephant is a very intelligent animal. 7) My suitcase was very heavy and we took a porter. 9) That villa was fashionable and we decided to buy it. 10) The day was rainy and cold, so Peggy took our umbrella.

EXERCISE XIX.

1. It was the most interesting fairy tale which I had ever listened to.

2. It�s a pity this day was the shortest. (I wish this day were the longest).

3. Ann is the eldest in the family. 4. It is warmer outside today than it was yesterday. 5. This dress is the most fashionable of all you have bought.

6. The stock exchange was more crowded than the stadium. 7. You are more tired today than we are. Go and rest. 8. This old lady is more annoyed than my granddad. 9. This river is one of the narrowest rivers of this country.

10. This boy is cleverer than the whole group. 11. This sofa is pleasanter than that one. 12. It seems to me that this is the hottest day of the year.

13. He looks sadder than yesterday. 14. This piece of meat is fatter, don�t take it. 15. I need thinner sandwiches. I don�t like thick ones. 16. She lives in the farthest district of the city. 17. Our granddad is the oldest in the city.

18. Look at this box. It is the smallest of all. 19. I suppose this day to be the worst. 20. This text is more complicated than that one.

EXERCISE XX.

1) unhappy; 2) unexpected; 3) illegal; 4) uncomfortable; 5) impossible; 6) impatient; 7) unpleasant; 8) impolite; 9) improbable; 10) irresponsible.

EXERCISE XXI.

1) active; 2) attractive; 3) reasonable; 4) beautiful; 5) misterious;

6) manly; 7) scientific; 8) logical; 9) high; 10) angry.

EXERCISE XXII.

1) professional; 2) qualified; 3) ambitious; 4) suspectable; 5) historical; 6) daily; 7) useful; 8) satisfactory; 9) communicative; 10) dramatic.

EXERCISE XXIII.

1) my; 2) his; 3) small; 4) picturesque; 4) green roof; 5) two hour jour-ney; 6) were; 7) nice; 8) more tired; 9) the nicest; 10) each; 11) tender;

12) wonderful; 13) the; 14) wonderful; 15) more wonderful.

EXERCISE XXIV.

1) b; 2) d; 3) c; 4) b; 5) c; 6) b; 7) b; 8) c; 9) c; 10) c.

EXERCISE XXV.

1) These trees have been growing here for a long time and we want to plant the new ones. 2) That star is too far and we don�t know its name.

3) Neither child came to the skating rink in the evening. 4) I have put lit-tle sugar into the coffee. 5) Twenty students study in this group. 6) His aunt is a famous scientist and he is proud of her. 7) They washed their hands and began their dinner. 8) They brought their home tasks. 9) The weather was dry and hot. I wish it were cold. 10) She was given a Japa-nese camera and a Swiss watch as presents. 11) There are new and old houses surrounded by the trees. 12) Our trunk is too heavy and we need a porter. 13) It was a first class car and I was glad I had bought it. 14) This two � hour meeting made me tired. 15) This three hundred year castle was redecorated two years ago. 16) A tall grey haired man entered the room. 17) We bought a second � hand car and wanted to sell it. 18) This tree is three times as high as that one. 19) This road is one fifth the length. 20) Our sofa is twice as much as theirs. 21) This event is the most interesting in our life. 22) Dolphins are cleverer than cows. 23) She had the most surprised face I had ever seen. 24) I need thinner sandwiches.

I don�t like thick ones. 25) Our granddad is the oldest in the town.

26) Look at this box! It is the smallest of all. 27) She lives in the farthest district of the city. 28) I suppose this day to be the worst. 29) This test was more complicated than that one. 30) This novel is the latesr this year. 31) Our children are twice as disobedient as the children of the Browns. 32) This horse is five times as much. 33) The new clock is half the size.

34) This cat is twice as witty. 35) This hall is one third the size.

ADVERBS

(KEY)

EXERCISE I.

1) dangerously; 2) quietly; 3) careful ; 4) happily; 5) terribly; 6) badly;

7) seriously; 8) immediately; 9) quick; 10) heavily.

EXERCISE II.

1) luckily; 2) probably; 3) fortunately; 4) surely; 5) obviously; 6) actu-ally; 7) in fact; 8) in my opinion; 9) of course; 10) undoubtedly.

EXERCISE III.

1) fast; 2) good; 3) fine; 4) wonderful; 5) awful; 6) deeply; 7) long;

8) monthly; 9) low; 10) hard; 11) loud; 12) good; 13) beautiful; 14) angry;

15) sad;

EXERCISE IV.

1) hardly; 2) lately; 3) highly; 4) hard; 5) near; 6) close; 7) high; 8) most; 9) late; 10) mostly, 11) lately, 12) hardly, 13) nearly, 14) highly, 15) most; 16) directly; 17) shortly; 18) deeply; 19) completely; 20) freely.

EXERCISE V.

1) wonderfully; 2) delicious; 3) slowly; 4) hungrily; 5) famous; 6) qui-etly; 7) good; 8) nearly; 9) lately; 10) noisily, 11) delicious, 12) nice, 13) aw-ful, 14) beautiful, 15) pretty.

EXERCISE VI.

1. Probably they will bring these materials tomorrow. 2. Actually he won�t come today. 3. In my opinion you should do yourself. 4. Luckily they had understood it before he left. 5. In fact it was her mistake. 6. He moved fast as he spoke fast too turning to everybody. 7. Tom has been working hard since early morning. 8. He got up rather late and thought for a long time. 9. We hardly saw this mistake in the composition.

10. Mr. Green is one of the highly qualified surgeons. 11. He has learnt about it recently and he was terribly disappointed. 12. We nearly over-slept yesterday. 13. When my friend comes to Kyiv he mostly visits op-era and ballet theatre. 14. This breakfast tastes wonderful. 15. He paints awfully, he really has no talent. 16. Pavarotti sings beautifully. 17. Dan-ielle Steel had become famous since the time her films were screened.

18. Alan played wonderfully at yesterday�s tournament. 19. Everybody knows that Ulanova danced beautifully. 20. He always walks noisily and wakes up the others.

EXERCISE VII.

1) somewhere; 2) anywhere; 3) nowhere; 4) there; 5) over; 6) away;

7) here; 8) down; 9) round and round; 10) in; 11) here; 12) somewhere.

EXERCISE VIII.

1) still; 2) yet, still; 3) immediately; 4) today; 5) tomorrow; 6) early;

7) afterwards; 8) now; 9) since; 10) soon; 11) before; 12) recently.

EXERCISE IX.

1) always; 2) once, twice; 3) usually; 4) rarely; 5) ever; 6) frequ�ently, always; 7) repeatedly; 8) occasionally; 9) periodically; 10) hardly ever.

EXERCISE X.

1. I cannot find my keys anywhere. Where did you put them? 2. We looked through everything all over around but didn�t find her. 3. He is somewhere not very far from here. I shall call him. 4. All pears fell down on the ground. 5. Only here you will find the best vegetables. 6. Call the police immediately. There is a burglar in the flat. 7. We have written two tests today. 8. They have received a new flat recently. 9. He is still run-ning in the yard. 10. I don�t like to get up early in the morning but I must. 11. The director hasn�t come yet but I hope he will come soon. 12. We have seldom seen each other lately. 13. They hardly ever speak to

each other because they have lack of time. 14. She visited us once or twice but she never told anything. 15. We sometimes gather together and dance.

EXERCISE XI.

Faster � the fastest; sooner � the soonest; more often � the most often; higher � the highest; lower � the lowest; deeper � the deepest; longer � the longest; later � the latest; earlier � the earliest; nearer � the nearest; more carefully � the most carefully; more stupidly � the most stupidly; more beautifully � the most beautifully; more terribly � the most terribly; more nicely � the most nicely; more happily � the most happily; more specifically � the most specifically; more quickly � the most quickly; more politely � the most politely; more clealy � the most clearly; more seriously � the most seriously; more nervously � the most nervously; more perfectly � the most perfectly; more slowly � the most slowly; more impolitely � the most impolitely; more care-lessly � the most carelessly.

EXERCISE XII.

1) earlier, 2) quieter, 3) longer, 4) thinner, 5) harder, 6) farther, 7) less,

8) more efficiently, 9) faster, faster, 10) the most beautifully.

EXERCISE XIII.

1) more fluently; 2) more deeply; 3) more seldom; 4) beautifully;

5) completely; 6) deeply; 7) seldom; 8) wrongly; 9) nearly; 10) directly;

11) nervously; 12) foolishly; 13) well; 14) painfully; 15) perfectly; 16) sus-piciously; 17) beautifully; 18) secretly; 19) carefully; 20) angrily.

EXERCISE XIV.

1) nowhere; 2) somewhere; 3) anywhere; 4) there; 5) away; 6) anywhere; 7) nowhere, here; 8) everywhere; 9) down; 10) round and round; 11) no-where; 12) round and round; 13) somewhere, here; 14) anywhere; 15) here, there; 16) away; 17) everywhere; 18) somewhere, here; 19) round and round; 20) over.

EXERCISE XV.

1) soon; 2) early; 3) still; 4) just; 5) then; 6) lately; 7) since; 8) yet; 9) soon; 10) early; 11) immediately; 12) late; 13) late; 14) now, later; 15) twice; 16) soon; 17) now; 18) still, soon; 19) from, till; 20) once, twice, then.

EXERCISE XVI.

1) busily; 2) kindly; 3) carefully: 4) beautifully; 5) well; 6) badly;

7) tactlessly; 8) naturally; 9) hurriedly; 10) wonderfully; 11) coldly;

12) quickly; 13) naturally; 14) loudly; 15) cordially, warmly; 16) curiously; 17) dryly; 18) foolishly; 19) heavily; 20) nobly.

EXERCISE XVII.

1) quietly; 2) Luckily we � ; 3) fast; 4) wonderful; 5) high up; 6) won-derfully; 7) once or twice; 8) better; 9) nowhere; 10) shyly.

EXERCISE XVIII.

1. I have met him recently and haven�t recognized him. 2. She had pre-sented her nephew generously before her departure to Canada. 3. We practi-cally haven�t seen each other lately. 4. He was deeply insulted of what had happened. 5. The girl smiled nervously and stretched the doll to her friend.

6. They were sitting silently and looked suspiciously at each other.

7. Speaking frankly, I wanted to change this car last year. 8. She makes

injections very carefully and I trust her. 9. He speaks German fluently.

10. I shall go nowhere today because I feel rather tired. 11. Look for this key somewhere else and you may find it. 12. Look around and you�ll see a lot of flowers and trees. 13. Bees were everywhere and even the roofs of the houses were covered with bees. 14. The doctor was sent for immediately.

15. We have written two tests today. 16. Dave had brought the papers before we came. 17. Linda always gets up early in the morning. 18. The children are still in the room. 19. He hasn�t come yet. 20. Rock music is very popular nowadays. 21. Katia smiled shyly and closed the book. 22. The students learn Spanish systematically and speak Spanish fluently. 23. Pavlo behaved tactlessly and offended everybody. 24. The aunt greeted us cordially. 25. My cousin answered dryly and left the room. 26. Speaking angrily they went along the riverbank. 27. It was raining heavily and we got wet. 28. Olga looked curiously and stretched the documents. 29. George hurriedly left the room without saying a word. 30. The queen looked coldly at the counselor and pointed to the chair. 31. The scientists took this manuscript carefully and wrapped it into the paper.

EXERCISE XIX.

1) hurriedly; 2) around; 3) carefully; 4) again; 5) quickly; 6) suspiciously; 7) comfortably; 8) quietly; 9) soon; 10) there.

EXERCISE XX.

1) c; 2) c; 3) c; 4) c; 5) b; 6) c; 7) c; 8) c; 9) c; 10) c.

NUMERALS

(KEY)

EXERCISE I.

One, two, six, nine, five, eight, fifteen, twenty, thirty one, forty two, sixty eight, forty four, sixty one, eighty two, seventy five, ninety nine, one hun-dred oh two, one hundred twenty, one hundred thirty, two hundred forty one, three hundred forty seven, one thousand one, two thousand one hundred ten, seventeen, twenty two, thirty five, one hundred fifty eight, ten thousand three hundred twenty two, one million two hundred thirty four thousand five hun-dred sixty seven, sixty nine, eighty seven, ninety five, twenty six, five hun-dred sixty three, six hundred seventy nine, seven hundred twenty three, eight hundred fifty five, nine hundred eighty two.

EXERCISE II.

1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 12, 8, 13, 20, 27, 22, 35, 43, 58, 62, 79, 100, 140, 172, 230, 1500, 14, 18, 8, 2000.

One, two, four, six, seven, nine, twelve, eight, thirteen, twenty, twenty seven, twenty two, thirty five, forty three, fifty eight, sixty two, seventy nine, one hundred, one hundred forty, one hundred seventy two, two hun-dred thirty, one thousand five hundred, fourteen, eighteen, eight, two thou-sand.

EXERCISE III.

1) room four; 2) flat eighty two; 3) street five; 4) tram six; 5) carriage ten; 6) bus thirty; 7) trolley bus twenty; 8) room forty; 9) street seven;

10) carriage eight.

EXERCISE IV.

1. They planted ten cherry trees and twenty apple trees.

2. One hundred and two houses have been built for this year.

3. There are one thousand people in this line.

4. Where is room four? Room four is on the first floor.

5. You can take bus five and get to Khreschatyk.

6. Where is Ann? She is in carriage two.

7. Is this Shovkovychna street five?

8. Where did you see trolley bus ten? Round the corner.

9. Tram three doesn�t run here any longer.

10. Flat one hundred is in the twentieth floor.

EXERCISE V.

First, second, third, fifth, seventh, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, sixte-

enth, twenty second, thirty fourth, eighth, ninth, hundredth, seventy first, one hundred twentieth, thirteenth, fourteenyh, fifteenth, seven-teenth, thirtieth, fortieth, fiftieth, sixty seventh, ninety eighth, two hun-dredth.

EXERCISE VI.

Second, fifth, seventh, ninth, eighth, tenth, eleventh, thirteenth, fifteenth, seventeenth, twenty first, thirty second, forty sixth, fifty seventh, sixty third, hundredth, one hundred first, thousandth, millionth.

EXERCISE VII.

1) five; 2) the second; 3) twenty; 4) the fifth; 5) six; 6) ten; 7) seven;

8) three; 9) the eleventh; 10) eight.

EXERCISE VIII.

1) Page six in this book is dirty. 2) It was the millionth visitor and

he got a present. 3) They live on the first floor. 4) It was the hundredth letter which she had received. 5) Jane was the first who helped us. 6) He came the second time but there was nobody home. 7) It was the second part of the novel. 8) Unit three is more interesting than unit two. 9) He has read paragraph nine. 10) It was the thirteenth sentence which I had translated.

EXERCISE IX.

A twenty fifth; two eleventh; a fifth; a twelfth; a thirty fifth; two fourth; four fifth; two sixth; a thirtieth; two seventh; a fifteenth; three eighth; two ninth; a third; three sixth; five eighth; two point one; one point two; three point four; six point two; ten point five; twelve point three; four point six; twenty point eight; forty point three; one hundred point two; one point five; two point five; fifty point three; twenty point three.

EXERCISE X.

A tenth; two fifth; three seventeenth; a eighth; four sixth; a two; four sev-enth; two hundredth; one point two; point three; four point six; ten point seven; fifteen point eight; twenty point three; one hundred point seven.

EXERCISE XI.

1) the first; 2) five; 3) the sixth; 4) twenty; 5) the second, the first one;

6) three; 7) the second; 8) six; 9) the tenth; 10) twelve.

EXERCISE XII.

1) b; 2) a; 3) b; 4) a; 5) b; 6) c; 7) b; 8) a; 9) a; 10) b.

EXERCISE XIII.

1) Ayton Road, ten; 2) two; 3) the first; 4) room; 5) two; 6) a lot of;

7) ten; 8) go; 9) bus ten; 10) is; 11) six; 12) seven.

EXERCISE XIV.

1) She bought three dresses and two pairs of shoes. 2) My flat costs fifty thousand dollars. 3) Room eight is on the first floor. 4) He took bus forty and got to the center. 5) The children are in carriage six and the teacher is with them. 6) Vasyl lives in Teatralna street seventy two.

7) Tram seven doesn�t run here any longer. 8) Flat three is on the sixth floor. 9) There are thirty four units in this book. 10) It is the millionth citizen of our city.

PREPOSITIONS

(KEY)

EXERCISE I.

1) in; 2) in; 3) in ; 4) in; 5) in � opinion; 6) in; 7) in ; 8) in; 9) in; 10) in; 11) in; 12) in; 13) in; 14) in ;15) on; 16) under; 17) in; 18) in; 19) in; 20) in, in.

EXERCISE II.

1. with; 2. behind; 3. without; 4. in; 5. inside; 6. outside; 7. on; 8. in be-tween; 9. outside; 10. on; 11. in; 12. on; 13. on; 14. in, in; 15. with.

EXERCISE III.

1. at dawn, at night 2. at home 3. threw at 4. working at 5. at once

6. shouts at 7. at first 8. at least 9. at all costs 10. laugh at 11. surprised at

12. good at 13. at war 14. at dawn 15. at peace 16. at a speed of 17. at war 18. at the same time 19. at the bottom 20. at work 21. at the door 22. At worst 23. at dinner 24. at dawn 25. at all 26. at the beginning 27. At the end 28. shooting at 29. at the � beginning 30. in, out; in.

EXERCISE IV.

1. one by one 2. by chance 3. by heart 4. by name 5. by profession 6. by train 7. step by step 8. by the way 9. by mistake 10. day by day 11. by the hand 12. divide � by 13. by plane 14. by surprise 15. mean by 16. by mis-take 17. divide � by 18. by accident 19. by sea 20. step by step 21. mean by 22. judge by 23. by profession 24. by the way 25. by name.

EXERCISE V.

1. for 2. for 3. for 4. for 5. for 6. for 7. For the 8. for 9. for 10. for, for 11. for 12. for 13. for 14. for 15. for 16. for 17. for 18. for 19. for 20. for 21. for 22. for 23. for 24. for 25. for.

EXERCISE VI.

1. We went across the bridge and turned to the forest. 2. Tom was going wearily along the road and was thinking about his own problems. 3. This book was without any title. 4. He was standing behind the door crying.

5. Instead of going we stayed. 6. The dog was barking outside.7. Every-thing all around was covered with snow.8. Ted didn�t come because of the rain. 9. Everybody saw that Tom and Becky were in love with each other. 10. I like to walk in the rain very much. 11. In fact they didn�t pass four exams. 12. The Thompsons always cook barbecue in the open air.13. He turned and saw the man dressed in black. 14. We keep everything in secret from Helen. 15. Clara tried to get this stamp but it was in vain. 16. In Ukraine children go to school at the age of seven. 17. The travellers started at dawn and arrived only late at night. 18. Tom shouted at the kitten and it ran to the door. 19. They knocked at the door twice but nobody opened it. 20. Steve throw the stone at the crow and it flew away. 21. Emma has been working at the article for a fortnight. 22. It was at night and nothing could be seen. 23. They fell in love at first sight and got married in three days. 24. The correspondents tried to get all materials at all costs. 25. Children laughed at the kitten when it was running after the string. 26. It all hap-pened at the beginning of the performance. 27. The students were surprised by his coming here. 28. He was the best at math and physics. 29. The pas-sengers entered the bus one by one. 30. I don�t like to learn poems by heart. 31. The sportsmen were running at the stadium day by day.32. By the way, where did you buy these dictionaries? 33. The soldiers moved slowly, step by step, along the mountain path. 34. I don�t like to travel by plane, I prefer to travel by train. 35. John Lennon is famous for his songs. 36. His parents�ve left this country forever and they are not going to come back. 37. Ann goes for a walk every evening. 38. I�m making this toy for the first time. 39. We cannot do this for several reasons. 40. The sailors hope for better weather.

EXERCISE VII.

1) borrow from; 2) recovered from; 3) tell � from; 4) from bad to worse; 5) from memory; 6) from time to time; 7) from side to side; 8) from morning till night; 9) from the beginning to the end; 10) from French; 11) from the beginning; 12) from behind; 13) tell from; 14) from morning till night;

15) From our point of view.

EXERCISE VIII.

1) cut � into; 2) divide � in; 3) translated � into; 4) take into consid-eration; 5) divided � into; 6) cut � into; 7) are taken into consideration; 8) into; 9) cut � into; 10) divided � in.

EXERCISE IX.

1) remind � of; 2) afraid of; 3) is ashamed of; 4) tired of; 5) full of;

6) fond of; 7) proud of; 8) of great value; 9) get rid of; 10) takes care of;

11) make use of; 12) to take advantage of; 13) consists of; 14) accused � of; 15) full of.

EXERCISE X.

1) day after day; 2) the day after tomorrow; 3) soon after; 4) is named af-ter; 5) after all; 6) named � after; 7) after all; 8) the day after tomorrow; 9) day after day; 10) soon after.

EXERCISE XI.

1) leaves � behind; 2) fell behind; 3) beyond doubt; 4) beyond my power; 5) leave something behind; 6) behind time; 7) beyond me; 8) sit down; 9) to lie down; 10) upside down.

EXERCISE XII.

1) We obtained a big loan in the bank and are to return the money soon. 2) Did Tom recover from flu? I don�t know, I haven�t seen him for three weeks. 3) Sam often earns additionally, translating from German into Ukrainian. 4) From his point of view we should have our own house. 5) Jill visits her old aunt from time to time. 6) We sliced the pie into thirty slices and served it. 7) Cut the apple in half with me. 8) We always translate from Ukrainian into English. 9) This chapter consists of four units. 10) I am afraid of the dogs and cannot see them. 11) We don�t invite him because we are ashamed of his manners. 12) Fred got rid of his old clothes which were in the attic. 13) Don�t remind me of the exams. I am afraid of them. 14) Ernst was named after his granddad. 15) If we leave the day after tomorrow we shall catch the train. 16) The Smiths went to Sochi after all. 17) Children fell be-hind the others on maths. 18) Monica reminded of having left her favourite dress at home. 19) It was beyond Joe�s power to help us. 20) Jane always does everything behind everybody�s back.

EXERCISE XIII.

1) on business; 2) on board the ship; 3) rely on; 4) on foot; 5) on the one hand, on the other hand; 6) on the whole; 7) on fire; 8) on sale; 9) on pur-pose; 10) on the way; 11) and so on; 12) on the whole; 13) on board the ship �Nakhimov�; 14) on the contrary; 15) congratulated � on.

EXERCISE XIV.

1) found out; 2) pointed out; 3) worked out; 4) out of danger;

5) out of work; 6) out of fashion; 7) out of use; 8) out of order; 9) out of envy;10) out of doors.

EXERCISE XV.

1) ran over; 2) talked over; 3) think over; 4) all over the world; 5) over there; 6) run over; 7) talk over; 8) think over; 9) all over the world; 10) over there.

EXERCISE XVI.

1) My friends congratulated me on the occasion of the graduating from the institute. 2) The house was on fire and the firemen came at once.

3) They met on board the ship �Ushakov�. 4) We looked at the book on all sides and asked to wrap it up. 5) Bobby saw strawberries on sale and bought two kilos. 6) They discussed the problem on the whole. 7) The children met their parents on the way home. 8) The house was on the right side of the park. 9) Everything will depend on his parents. 10) Ann insisted on his coming to London. 11) I can never rely on him. 12) Sally went on a business trip. 13) This company worked out all the programmes for our plant. 14) Mary was pointed out that she had made a lot of mistakes.

15) Jackson knew that the children were out of danger. 16) Tom did it out of envy. 17) This device has been out of use and we should get rid of it. 18) We found out that she had been unjust. 19) This dress was out of fash-ion and I gave it to my aunt. 20) This information is out of date and we cannot use it.

EXERCISE XVII.

1) apologized to; 2) �ay attention to; 3) subscribe to; 4) belong to;

5) refer to; 6) happened to; 7) pay attention to; 8) attentive to; 9) speak to;

10) familiar to.

EXERCISE XVIII.

1) get up; 2) time was up; 3) picking up; 4) under repair; 5) hurry up;

6) stood up; 7) under circumstances; 8) it is up to you ; 9) ring up; 10) up to date.

EXERCISE XIX.

1) covered with; 2) trembling with; 3) satisfied with; 4) very popular with; 5) filled with; 6) do; 7) red with; 8) popular with; 9) pleased with; 10) pale with.

EXERCISE XX.

1) was; 2) of; 3) on; 4) from; 5) to; 6) to; 7) in; 8) into; 9) to; 10) of;

11) to; 12) with; 13) at; 14) in; 15) out; 16) to; 17) with; 18) in; 19) by;

20) in.

EXERCISE XXI.

1) popular with; 2) stood up; 3) pays attention to; 4) ran over; 5) worked out; 6) out of envy; 7) congratulated on; 8) borders on; 9) fell behind;

10) write down.

EXERCISE XXII.

1) We can do witout cakes for ages. 2) The road was covered with snow and it was very slippery. 3) The kittens jumped up and down and looked very funny. 4) Tim lives in the hotel because his house is under the repair. 5) The manuscripts belonged to old duke Wellington. 6) They told us they would talk this problem over. 7) My fridge is too old and now it is out

of use. 8) Sally is always pointed out that she is late. 9) The representa-

tive of our firm went there on business. 10) They did this boring work day after day.

EXERCISE XXIII.

1) �; 2) d; 3) d; 4) b; 5) d; 6) c; 7) c; 8) c; 9) d; 10) b.

EXERCISE XXIV.

1) They went along the forest for a long time. 2) The news has quickly overspread over the city. 3) Go this way, please. 4) The steamer sailed on the Dnieper River. 5) She paced the room. 6) They crossed the river one by one. 7) It is ten o�clock by my watch. 8) We live in London. 9) The children went to the Zoo. 10) Come at six, please. 11) They en-tered the house. 12) We cannot go outside in such a rain. 13) She stood looking into the window. 14) We shall come in July. 15) Tom put his hands into the pockets.

��������� ��������� / �����

Articles

Pronouns

Adjectives

Adverbs

Numerals

Prepositions

Key

�� / ��