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Скачати одним файлом. Книга: Практична англійська - Гаращенко
8. Topic: US Economy; Grammar: The Passive Voice
Grammar: The Passive Voice
I. Read the following wordsProduce, though, exhaust, power, plastics, processing, husband ry, maize, tobacco, branch, scientific, technique, freeze, packaging, industrialized, heavy, prevail, textile, clothing, metallurgical, research, labour-saving, machine, increase, double, mechanization, automation, intensify, further, growth, discovery, physics, chemistry, range, unevenly , spread, transportation, facility, communication.
II. Read and translate the following text US EconomyThe United States is rich in natural resources the main being iron ore, coal and oil. The nation produces more than 100 million tons of iron a year. Four fifths of the ore mined in the USA comes from the Great Lakes region. Though a great deal of the ore has been used up, it resources have not been exhausted, most of the coal mined in the USA is used by power plants to produce electricity. Coal is also used in the chemical industry for the manufacture of plastics and other synthetics. The production, processing and marketing of such oil products as petrol (called “gasoline” or “gas” in the USA) make up one of America’s largest industries. The basic metals and minerals mined in the United States are zinc, copper and silver.
There are two branches of agriculture in the United States. They are crop production and animal husbandry. Some of the main crops grown in the USA are wheat, maize, cotton, tobacco and fruit. Cattle breeding and pig raising make up an important branch of America’s agriculture.
To make the farmer’s work more productive scientific methods of farming are employed and modern technique of freezing, canning and packaging farm products is used.
The United States is a highly industrialized country with various branches of heavy industry prevailing, namely the mining, metallurgical , automobile and chemical industries as well as engineering. Many branches of light industry are also developed, among them are the textile, clothing, food and wood-working industries.
A great deal of attention in American industry is devoted to research and emphasis is made on the use of labour saving machines, in the past few years the number of workers has increased only a few per cent, while the number of scientists and engineers in the plants has almost doubled.
Mechanization and automation do away with thousands of office jobs, intensify production and increase labour productivity. But they also bring about a further growth of unemployment.
New industries are created as new discoveries are made in physics , chemistry and other sciences. Atomic energy, for example, has created a wide range of new industries. Electronics has become a major industry . Great emphasis is being made on the war industry.
American industry is distributed unevenly. Most of the industrial enterprises are located in the eastern part of the country. But industry is spreading out as there is a tendency to build factories far removed from the home plant and closer to natural resources and markets. Good transportation facilities and rapid communication systems make it possible for factories.
The leading US exports are industrial machinery, electronics equipment, textiles, iron, coal, oil products and chemicals, grain and other farm products.
Comments1. to mine coal ( ore etc.) – видобувати вугілля (руду тощо)
2. to exhaust smth. – виснажувати, вичерпувати щось
3. power plant – електростанція
4. to process smth. – обробляти щось
5. to employ smth. – використовувати, застосовувати
6. technique – техніка, методи
7. to can smth. – консервувати щось
8. to package smth. – пакувати щось
9. research – наукові дослідження, науково-дослідна робота
10. labour-saving machine – машина, що заощаджує час
11. in the past few years – за останні декілька років
12. to do away with smth. – покінчити з чимось, ліквідувати щось
13. labour productivity – продуктивність праці
14. to make discovery – робити відкриття
15. unevenly – нерівномірно
III. Find the English in the night-hand column for the following
1. високоіндустріалізована країна 1. a great deal of the ore
2. сучасна техніка заморожування 2. power plants produce electricity
3. виробництво і переробка нафтопро- 3. the manufacture of дуктів plastics and synthetics
4. широка сфера нових галузей 4. the production and processing of oil products
5. велика кількість руди 5. branches of agriculture
6. навчання менеджменту 6. crop production
7. виробництво пластмас та синтетич- 7. modern technique of
них матеріалів freezing
8. хороші транспортні засоби 8. a highly industrialized country
9. промислове підприємство 9. heavy industry
10. галузі сільського господарства 10. to intensify production
11. рослинництво 11. to increase labour productivity
12. електростанції виробляють електро- 12. a wide range of new енергію industries
13. важка промисловість 13. management training
14. підвищувати продуктивність праці 14. an industrial enterprise
15. інтенсифікувати виробництво 15. good transportation facilities
IV. Complete the following sentences1. The United States is rich in ... 2. Most of the coal mined in the USA is used by ... . 3. Coal is also used in the ... . 4. The two branches of American agriculture are ... . 5. The main crops grown in the USA are ... . 6. American farmers use scientific methods of farming as ... . 7. The main branches of American industry are ... . 8. Many branches of light industry are also developed, among them ... . 9. Mechanization and automation intensify ... and increase ... . 10. Most of the industrial enterprises are located in the ... .
V. Say if it is right1.The United States is not reach in natural resources. 2. Ore is mined in the Great Lakes region. 3. Coal is used by power plants to produce electricity. 4. Coal is used in the light industry to produce clothes. 5. The basic metals and minerals in the United States are zinc, copper and silver. 6. Cattle breeding and sheep breeding make up an important branch of America’s agriculture. 7. The United States branches of heavy and textile industries. 8. Mechanization and automation bring about a further growth of unemployment. 9. Throughout American industry great emphasis is being made on management training. 10. Most of the industrial enterprises are located in the western part of the country .
VI. Translate the following into English1. Сполучені Штати виробляють 100 мільйонів тон металу на рік. 2. Вугілля використовується як електростанціями, так і хімічною промисловістю. 3. Сучасна техніка заморожування, консервування, пакування широко використовується американськими фермерами. 4. Текстильна та деревообробна галузі теж високогозвинені в США . 5. Велика увага в американській промисловості приділяється науковим дослідженням.
VII. Answer the following the question1. What natural resources is the United States rich in?
2. What can you say about the iron ore mined in the USA?
3. Where is the iron ore mined in the USA?
4. What is coal used for?
5. What is oil used for?
6. What are the main branches of America’s heavy industry?
7. What are the branches of light industry?
8. What is a great deal of attention devoted to in American industry?
9. Why are new industries, such as electronics, created?
10. What do mechanization and automation bring about?
11. How and where is American industry located?
12. Why is there a tendency to build factories close to natural resources and markets?
13. What the main branches of agriculture?
14. What makes up an important branch of America’s agriculture?
15. What crops are grown in the USA?
16. What is used for intensification of farm production?
17. What are the leading exports of the USA?
VIII. Speak on the topic ”US Economy” Grammar The Passive Voice I. Make the following interrogative and negative
1. The land of the world is divided into five large continents. 2. She was told a good piece of news yesterday. 3. The pupils are taught to drive a car. 4. I was suggested to write about weather. 5. We shall never a pleased with weather. 6. He will be offered an interesting job in a month. 7. He is being instructed by his mother.8. The radio-set is being repaired now. 9. Newspapers were being bought by him from 5 to 6. 10. That document was being copied by him at 12. 11. We have been told mane funny stories. 12.She has been given a beautiful ring. 13. They had been acquainted with many participants of this conference , before they pined it. 14. The problem of budgetary system in Ukraine will have been discussed at the seminar by the time he comes.
II. Put the following sentences into the Passive Voice1. They often invite me to their parties. 2. People speak English in different parts of the world. 3. One uses milk for making butter. 4. We form the Passive Voice with the help of the auxiliary verb “to be”. 5. They build a lot of new houses in this district every year.
*
1. They built this house in 1950. 2. Somebody locked the front door. 3. Someone broke my pen last night. 4. They punished the boy for that. 5. They finished their work in time.
*
1.People will forget it very soon. 2. They will translate this work next year. 3. They will tell you when to come. 4. Where will they build a new library? 5. Someone will ask him about it.
*
1. They are constructing some new Metro lines now. 2. Wait a little. They are examining the last student there. 3. They are discussing this question now. 4. When I switched on the radio they were broadcasting a very interesting program.
*
1. Somebody has invited her to the party. 2.They have done all the exercises in written form. 3. They had done everything before we came. 4. I thought they had already sent the letter. 5. Evidently somebody had informed him of the news before they announced it. 6. They will have informed us before he comes.
III. Put the following sentences into the Passive Voice making the indirect object the subject of the passive constructionExample: They showed me the way .
I was shown the way.
1. He offered me a chair. 2. We gave him all the money. 3. They have just shown me a new magazine. 4. Mother promised the boy a new toy. 5. Nobody has told me the news yet. 6. They sent you the invitation last week. 7. I am sure they will offer you a very interesting job. 8. They recommended me several articles on that problem. 9. Someone taught him French and gave him a dictionary. 10. They asked us to be there at eight o’clock 11. They have promised me some books on this problem. 12.A passer-by showed us the way to Trafalgar Square.
IV. Translate the following sentences into English using the Passive Voice1. Коли обговорювалось це питання? 2. Такі питання обговорюються на наших зборах. 3. Яке питання зараз обговорюється? 4. Це питання вже обговорили. 5. Коли я прийшла, це питання обговорювалося. 6. Ця книга написана в ХVIII ст. 7. Коли стаття буде написана, її помістять у газету. 8. Оповідання вже написане ? 9. Ця робота була написана до того, як були зроблені нові відкриття в цій сфері. 10. В Києві зараз не будується багато нових будинків. 11. Коли ми переїхали сюди, неподалік будувалось декілька будинків. 12. На цьому майдані буде збудовано новий будинок. 13. Цей будинок було збудовано до війни. 14. Ця школа тільки що збудована. 15. Мені вже ставили таке запитання. 16. Такі запитання часто ставлять на екзамені. 17. Я впевнена, що вам поставлять багато запитань, коли ви будете розповідати про свою поїздку. 18. Оскільки йому раніше вже ставили подібні запитання, він знав, що відповісти.
V. Put the following sentences into the Passive VoiceExample: They laughed at him .
He was laughed at.
1. People speak much of him. 2. They will look after the children well. 3. People will laugh at you if you say it. 4.They sent for the doctor immediately. 5. Everybody listened to her attentively. 6. They always wait for me after the lessons. 7. Nobody took notice of this little boy. 8. Everybody lost sight of the boat in the fog. 9.Why are they laughing at her ? 10. I wonder whether they will listen to him. 11. Students often refer to these books. 12. Nobody has ever spoken to me in such a way. 13. If they send for you don’t refuse to come. 14.They have not referred to that incident since then.
VI. Make up sentences using the given verbs in the Passive VoiceTo look (at), to listen (to), to wait (fo), to think (of), to speak (about), to refer (to), to look (for), to look (after), to send (for), to laugh (at), to speak (to), to ask (for).
VII. Translate into English using the Passive Voice1. Роботу тільки що завершено. 2. Доповідь слухали дуже уважно. 3. Його вчора ніде не бачили. 4. Телеграму отримають лише завтра. 5. На цій вулиці будується нова станція метро. 6. Коли була написана ця стаття ? 7. Його попросили взяти участь у концерті. 8. Про цей фільм багато говорять. 9. Їй порадили написати доповідь англійською мовою. 10. Вас просять до телефону. 11. Мені дали цю книгу лише на 3 дні. 12. Ця книга не перекладена на українську мову. 13. Ця п’єса поставлена в Національному українському театрі ім. І. Франка. 14. Мене про це ніколи не запитували. 15. В дитинстві її навчали музиці. 16. Після лекції нам покажуть фільм про Лондон. 17. Лист ще не відправили. 18. Цікаво , чи сказали йому про це вже, чи ні. 19. З вас будуть сміятися, якщо ви це скажете.
Книга: Практична англійська - Гаращенко
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